8ISC Proceedings: Social Sciences

Delays of Children Aged 2 to 5 Years Old

Lara Maguad — 2022-02-10

The study is descriptive research that focuses on the delays in Adaptive Behavior of children aged between two (2) and five (5) years old. The areas of adaptability had been divided into five (4) areas, namely, cognitive, social communication, daily living skills, speech, emotions, and leisure (SEL). The participants were 45 Filipino children aged between two (2) and five (5) years old; they were enrolled in Special Education (SpED), Playschool, and therapy. Based on the results, the majority of the participants manifested cognitive delays that vary with their age. Common was difficulty remembering what happened the day before in school, differentiating between left and right, and reciting months and days in order. In terms of his social communication, participants struggle in saying it needs to pee or poop, naming familiar things, expressing tantrums verbally rather than physically, and exhibiting independence by doing things on their own. Meanwhile, in daily living skills, participants had difficulties, in the beginning, eating alone, putting on and removing clothes without assistance, using the toilet independently, pouring water or milk from a pitcher or faucet independently, and doing household chores. On the other hand, participants manifested emotions, leisure, and speech delays through continually relying on a parent or teacher for security and support, showing feelings socially, crying when routines such as sleep and eating schedules are changed, acting in conflicting manners holding back their angry outbursts most of the time, and controlling impulses better as they do not push others at once.

Keywords: Cognitive Skills, Social Communication, Daily Living Skills, Speech, Emotions, and Leisure (SEL), Delays, Adaptive Behavior

Personality Type and Perceived Quality of Life of Selected College Students

Grace Ann M. Babao — 2022-02-10

The World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak as a global pandemic, in which many countries began implementing restrictions to control the virus. As a result, it began to disrupt the normal activities of people around the world, including college students. Limited studies have been done in relation to this topic; thus, this study aimed to determine the significant difference in the perceived quality of life of selected college students across personality types during the pandemic. This study utilized Descriptive-Evaluative and Descriptive-Comparative research designs. Researchers purposively sampled 123 respondents from eight colleges in a selected university in Silang, Cavite. Respondents answered a self-reported online questionnaire including a personality temperament test and perceived quality of life. Data were analyzed using statistical tests of Mean, Standard Deviation, and ANOVA. Results revealed that choleric has the highest frequency of 51 (41.5%) among the four-personality types. The overall perceived quality of life was fairly high, with a mean of 4.62 (SD = 1.19). The level of satisfaction that the respondents get from receiving help from friends and family was high, with the highest mean score of 5.30 (SD = 1.53). Moreover, the result showed that there is a significant difference in the perceived quality of life across personality types (p = .30). Choleric has a significantly higher perceived quality of life than Sanguine (p = .051). Among the moderating variables, none had a significant difference in the perceived quality of life of the respondents. For future studies, quality of life and personality type among college students comparing both remote learning and in-person learning can be done.

Keywords: Personality, Quality of Life, College Students

Homophobic Attitudes and Gay Affirmative Practices Among Nursing Students

Joel Cecilio — 2022-02-10

Worldwide, there is a rise in homosexual acceptance in society. However, there have been no studies done in the Philippines about homophobic attitudes and gay affirmative practices in the healthcare field. Thus, the researchers determined the relationship between homophobic attitudes and gay affirmative practices in the healthcare field. This descriptive-correlation research was conducted on 121 students in the College of Nursing in a private institution using purposive sampling. They answered adapted and modified questionnaires on the Homosexual Attitude Scale (HAS) and Gay Affirmative Practice (GAP). Data gathered were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as mean, standard deviation, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results revealed that there was a low homophobic attitude of the respondents and fair in terms of gay-affirmative practices. Correlational analysis revealed that homophobic attitudes and gay affirmative practices were moderately negatively related. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the gay-affirmative practices of the respondents in terms of age, gender, and religion; however, there was a significant difference between homophobic attitudes and nationality, in which Filipinos had more tendencies of having homophobic attitudes. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the gay-affirmative practices of the respondents in terms of age, gender, nationality, and religion. This study will contribute to future researchers’ knowledge about the presence, or lack thereof, of homophobia within the scope of a Christian community. The researchers will then be able to relay their studies to further acceptance within the healthcare field.

Keywords: Homophobic Attitudes, Gay Affirmative Practices

The Effect of Music on Cognitive Tasks Among College Students: A Factorial Experiment

Cutie Canesares — 2022-02-10

Music has been around since time immemorial, and it has both positive and negative effects. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different music presentations on the different cognitive tasks among college students. This study utilized an experimental within-subject 4x3 factorial design. The participants are twenty-one (21) college students. They undergo three memory tasks: memory, verbal, and arithmetic tasks while exposed to four (4) different music conditions: no music, instrumental music, English lyric music, and foreign lyric music. The researchers performed a two-way analysis of variance for repeated measures. Results showed no significant treatment main effect for music, F(3, 60) = 1.649, p < .188, ŋp²=.076 but has a significant treatment main effect for cognitive tasks, F(2,40) = 118.448, p < .000, ŋp²= .86, and significant interaction effect between music and cognitive tasks F(5.35,105) = 2.629, p < .036, ŋp²=.12. The significant interaction showed increased scores across different types of music in memory and verbal tasks but decreased scores in arithmetic tasks except with English lyric music and the no music conditions. Furthermore, simple main effects show that English lyric and foreign lyric music are best for memory and verbal task, respectively.

Keywords: music, cognitive tasks, instrumental, English lyrics, foreign lyrics

The Effect of Mental Health on Life Experience of Criminology Student in the University of the Cordilleras, Baguio

Andrew Sinabutar — 2022-02-10

The research design was a descriptive correlation with a cross-sectional study. The descriptive correlational study design is to understand the correlation between independent variables (mental health) with the life experience of Criminology students in the University of the Cordilleras, Baguio, the Philippines, as the dependent variable. The sampling technique is purposive sampling, in which the researcher chooses a particular person who is considered to be providing the necessary data. In this study, the samples that will be studied are UC criminology students and environmental communities. The sample were people who answered non-structure questions. Analysis and interpretation of data are using the Zung Self-Assessment of Depression Scale (ZSDS) and Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS 42). The research result stated that respondents experiencing depression, anxiety, and stress are the result of being unable to overcome the difficulties he faces.

Keywords: Mental Health, Life Experiences

A Phenomenological Study on Leadership Capabilities and Opportunities of Female Tertiary Students in a Male-Dominated Discipline

Myrna M. Campomanes — 2022-02-10

Women experience challenges in demonstrating their leadership capabilities and opportunities due to societal and stereotype-driven expectations and views. Thus, this study was conducted in support of promoting women’s empowerment and gender equality. Descriptive research design using interpretative phenomenological qualitative methodology was employed. The participants were tertiary students from a male-dominated discipline composed of eight (8) females and six (6) males. They were carefully selected using the purposive sampling technique. Focus group discussions were conducted separately between the two groups to gather the data. The results were examined through thematic analysis and validated by literature. Findings revealed that the female tertiary students could handle significant leadership positions in a male-dominated discipline as they considered themselves not just ordinary women leaders. Participants viewed female tertiary students as highly responsible, refined in doing tasks, courageous, and not easily surrendering to their responsibilities. Further, participants believed female tertiary students are equally given leadership opportunities. However, despite these, participants acknowledged that female tertiary students tend to limit and restrict themselves to taking significant leadership positions and that male tertiary students are still more suitable for handling multiple leadership functions. An important factor that led to these findings is the role of Filipino patriarchal values. Finally, this study’s overall results and implications may serve as a basis to formulate policies, programs, and guidelines to ensure that women’s leadership capabilities are enhanced and provided with leadership opportunities in a male-dominated environment.

Keywords: leadership capabilities, leadership opportunities, female tertiary students, gender and development, male-dominated discipline/field of study