8ISC Proceedings: Sciences

Growth Response of Romaine (Lettuce Romaine) Plants in the DFT (Deep Flow Technique) Hydroponic System Fertilized with Chinese Cabbage Leaves and AB Mix Fertilizer

Doli Situmeang — 2022-02-10

Hydroponic is one of the future agricultural systems because it can be cultivated in various places, such as in villages, in cities, in open land, even above apartments. Hydroponic can be cultivated throughout the year regardless of the season. In this study, two types of fertilizers were used, namely Chinese Cabbage leaf and AB mix. The preparation of AB mix nutrition solution is done by dissolving two kinds of AB mix, AB mix A (83 grams) with AB mix B (83 grams) by dissolving both of them into 2 liters of water. Vegetables are one of the horticultural products which are in great demand by the public because they have high nutritional content and are beneficial for health. One type of vegetable that almost everyone needs is romaine lettuce. The purpose of this study was to determine growth with nutrient AB mix and leaves of Chinese Cabbage. This study was tested by one-way analysis of ANOVA and Duncan with a = 0.05. The results showed the difference in the growth of romaine plants, the width of the leaves was wider, and the roots were longer when AB mix nutrition was used compared with leaves of Chinese Cabbage.

Keywords: AB mix, romaine plants (lettuce romaine), Hydroponic (Deep Flow Technique).

The Effect of Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees.) and Kejibeling (Strobilanthes crispa) Leaves on Uric Acid Levels of White Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Joshua H. L. Tobing — 2022-02-10

This study aims to seek answers to four research questions, (1) Do the extracts of Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees.) and Kejibeling (Strobilanthes crispa) leaves affect the blood uric acid levels of white rats (Rattus norvegicus)? (2) Do different dose concentrations of Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees.) and Kejibeling (Strobilanthes crispa) leaves extracts affect the blood uric acid level of white rats (Rattus norvegicus)? (3) And do time exposures of Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees.) and Kejibeling (Strobilanthes crispa) leaves extracts affect the blood uric acid level of white rats (Rattus norvegicus)? (4) Do the interactions of the variables in this study affect the blood uric acid of white rats (Rattus novergicus)? This laboratory experimental research design used twenty-eight white rats, divided into two negative and positive control groups and six treatment groups. Rats were acclimatized for fourteen days and were fasted before the data collection. The data are blood uric acid levels of the blood samples taken from the cut made at the tip of the tail. The variables of the study are the extracts (two) of the leaves, the different levels (three) of dosages of the extract, and the length times (four) exposures of the animals after being given the extract orally. Univariate Statistical Analysis was used to analyze the data. The results of the analysis show that there are no statistically significant differences in the effect of the different kinds of leaves extracts (p = 0.994), the different dosages (p = 0.574), the length of times of exposure (p = 0,112), and also in the interactions of the variables on the levels of the uric acid, Dose*Time with p = 0.895, Dose*Group with p = 0.266, Time*Group with p = 0.511, but in the interaction of Dose*Time*Group is significant with p = 0.047. However, on the descriptive study, the results show that the leaves extracts, the different dose concentrations used, and the length of times of exposure show that the uric acid levels were lowered. Thus, this study concluded that Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees.) and Kejibeling (Strobilanthes crispa) leaves extracts to lower the blood uric acid levels of white rats (Rattus novergicus).

Keywords: Sambiloto, Kejibeling, Uric Acid, White Rats.

Molecular Docking Studies of Important Vitamin as Inhibitors Against Cytokine Target

Marvel Reuben Suwitono — 2022-02-10

Interleukins are a group of cytokines, small proteins that play an important role in immune and inflammation systems expressed by white blood cells (leukocytes). Interleukin (inter- as communication and -leukin as leukocyte) were associated with its specific code number. Vitamins are found to restore the ability of some cells to produce specific cytokines. This docking study aims to quantify the binding affinity or chemical bonding strength of vitamins at several interleukins using PyRx computational chemistry software. Macromolecules structures were fetched from The Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank (RCSB PDB) database, while small ligands were downloaded from PubChem of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The research concludes that folic acid (Vit B9), ergocalciferol (Vit D2), cholecalciferol (Vit D3), menatetrenone (Vit K2), tocotrienol (Vit E family) were five vitamins (of as many 21) which have the strongest average bonding affinity computed to 11 types interleukins, with the score -7.43, -7.27, -6.83, -6.81, and -6.72, consecutively. The research is useful as a preliminary attempt to obtain the number of vitamins that are important in the immune system.

Keywords: Vitamin, Interleukins, cytokines, pyrex.

From Immortality to Borrowed Time: Correlates and Challenges

Warren A. Shipton — 2022-02-10

The history of the human race is marked by the entrance of corruption, which also represents the loss of immortality. After the Fall, humans, and animals experienced death. By contrast, unfeeling organisms/cells may have several design functions. Plants, for example, photosynthesize and then are eaten and digested; unsuccessful sperm and ova are discarded and decay. These examples were in God’s original plan. Following the entrance of sin, adverse events such as environmental, genetic, and ecological changes, alterations in human attitudes, and manipulation of germplasm occurred. The image of God found in humans at the beginning was marred by the Fall and accounts for the adverse human attitude changes noted today. Despite this, God offers all individuals a make-over in their physical, intellectual, emotional, and spiritual/moral domains. Acceptance of the offer in its fullness would result in focused attention to health and efforts to repair and restore the environment, among other valuable outcomes.

Keywords: Immortality, corruption, aging, design function, environmental changes

Quantification of 10-Gingerol Content in Various Encapsulation of Red Ginger Extract Using HPLC Method

Titin Sulastri — 2022-02-10

Red ginger is a rising traditional medicine with its benefits, i.e., anti-inflammation, antioxidant, antiemetic, antibacterial, and antidiabetics. The most active polyphenol chemical constituent of red ginger (and ginger in general) is gingerol, which creates its sharp smell and strong taste. Gingerol is a thermolabile compound that transforms into shogaol. This research aims to quantify 10-gingerol content in an encapsulated red ginger extract with maltodextrin and Arabic gum. A chromatographic method is applied using a validated Agilent 1220 HPLC system with Zorbax RP C18 column. Water: Acetonitrile mobile phase is used as the mobile phase. The result showed that encapsulation of red ginger extract, maltodextrin, and arabic gum with ratio 2:1:1, 3:1:1, 1:1:0, and 1:1:1 contains gingerol in sequent 74.99 ppm, 66.41 ppm, 12.96 ppm, and 4.49 ppm of 10-gingerol. The research concludes that red ginger extract, although it has gone through a heating process to form encapsulated extract, still contains gingerol, with its pharmacological benefit.

Keywords: Red ginger, gingerol, encapsulation, HPLC

Determination of Antioxidant Activity and Organoleptic Score of Kencur (Kaempferia galanga) Fortified Bread

Giovany Angelita Siregar — 2022-02-10

Kencur (Kaempferia galanga), or aromatic ginger, is usually used as a spice, especially in the Southeast Asia region. In Indonesia, the use of Kencur is climbing in the form of drinks and food, which is believed to promote health. Its active chemical constituent, particularly ethyl p-methoxycinnamate, plays an important role as an antioxidant for inflammation and as a traditional medicine to cure metabolic disorders, urinary tract infections, cardiovascular disorders, skin diseases, and many more. This research aims to study kencur fortified bread to enhance the antioxidant content of plain bread, along with its organoleptic test. Dried powdered kencur is macerated in 96% ethanol solvent and concentrated by a vacuum rotary evaporator. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrilhydrazil) method is applied to measure antioxidant activity in kencur extract using Rigol U3000 UV/Vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that plain bread has IC 50 288.56 ppm (very weak), 4% kencur bread has IC50 163.10 ppm (weak), 6% kencur bread has IC50 39.86 ppm (very strong), and 8% kencur bread has IC50 36.41 ppm (very strong). The organoleptic test for volunteers is conducted in several categories, including flavor, taste, and texture. The result showed that 6% kencur bread is preferred for flavor and taste, and 4% kencur bread is preferred for the texture of the bread. The research concludes that kencur fortified bread can still be preferred, which is enhanced for its antioxidant content.

Keywords: kencur, antioxidant activity, DPPH, organoleptic

Determination of Antioxidant Activity and Shelf-Life Test of Turmeric (Curcuma longa) Fortified Bread

Fragenia Laurarinda Wijaya — 2022-02-10

The increasing public awareness for healthy living is parallel to community demands for healthy food that contains good nutritional compounds to support the physiological function of the body but also has good and attractive taste. In Indonesia, bread, as a substitute for rice, has now become part of the community. With some fortification, the bread will become healthier. In this research, turmeric fortified bread is evaluated for its antioxidant activity and shelf-life test. Turmeric is one of the most popular spices in Indonesia because of its health benefits as a strong antioxidant and antiinflammation. Curcumin, the active ingredient of turmeric, exhibits therapeutic potential for the treatment of diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, various types of cancers and functions as hepatoprotective. Antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of turmeric-fortified bread was measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, using Rigol U3600 UV/Vis spectrophotometer. The result showed that antioxidant activity in terms of inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of plain bread has 227.59 ppm (weak), of 4% turmeric bread has 114.8 ppm (medium), 6% turmeric bread has 80.37 ppm (strong), and 8% turmeric bread has 63.09 ppm (strong). The shelf-life test (according to flavor, appearance, and texture) of bread, packaged using PP-plastic, was conducted for 15 days. The result showed that plain bread has 4.11 days of shelf-life, 4% turmeric bread has 10.11 days, 6% turmeric bread has 11.55 days, and 8% turmeric bread has 12.11 days. The research concluded that turmeric-fortified bread enhances the antioxidant value of bread and acts as a powerful natural preservative.

Keywords: bread, turmeric, antioxidant, DPPH, shelf life