8ISC Proceedings: Allied Health

Diabetes Treatments and Related Comorbidities as Factors Influencing Hospitalization: A Cross-Sectional Study

Jansen Cambia, Ruchel Oasan, Arnat Wannasri, Fruzsina Schuck, Jason Liu — Tue, 08 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Diet modification, as well as oral medication, are good measures to manage Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Even so, there is limited study in this particular area. Specifically, few evaluated the association of the aforementioned treatments to hospitalization. Hence, this study investigates the influence of DM treatments and their related comorbidities on the odds of hospitalization. A retrospective, cross-sectional analysis was employed. Logistic regression was performed to assess the association between the DM patient treatment and the chance of hospitalization. This study utilized data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) in 2018 (n= 30,461), a program of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). The results showed that after adjusting for potential confounders, DM patients who were treated with only dietary modification had 1.40 times the odds of being hospitalized compared to those treated with oral medications. However, there is an observed protective effect of the combined treatments (medication and diet), to around OR=0.69, 95% CI: 0.49-0.97, as compared to a single treatment. In addition, the presence of at least one comorbidity among DM patients could significantly double the odds for hospitalization (OR=2.54, CI: 1.15-5.60). It is recommended that the DM treatments should incorporate both oral medication and diet modification to reduce the odds of hospitalization among DM patients.

Keywords: dietary modification, oral medication, hospitalization, DM treatments, DM patients

Knowledge and Perceived Practices on Traumatic Dental Injury (TDI) Management among Primary Caregivers in a Selected Elementary School in Silang, Cavite

Wed, 09 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Traumatic Dental Injuries (TDI) are unpredictable occurrences and are considered a health problem in a child’s life because of their negative impact. Most TDI incidences happen when a child is at home or school; thus, it is essential that those who are in close contact with them know how to properly manage it. A selected College of Dentistry Clinic at a private sectarian university in Cavite conducted a study to assess primary caregivers' knowledge and perceived practices of primary caregivers on TDI management. The research study included 120 primary caregivers of pupils enrolled in Grades 1-6 in a private Elementary School in Cavite. This quantitative descriptive research design, correlational, and comparative design. A dichotomous scale was used to determine the level of knowledge, and a 4-point Likert scale for the extent of perceived practices. The statistical treatments used included the mean and standard deviation, Mann-Whitney Test U Test, Dwass-Steel-Critchlow-Fligner test, and one-way non-parametric ANOVA (Kruskal-Wallis). Results led researchers to come up with the following conclusions: (1) the level of knowledge of the primary caregivers are high; (2) the extent of the perceived practices of the primary caregivers are good; (3) knowledge and perceived practices on TDI management are significantly correlated, which means that the practices of the primary caregivers are dependent on the prior knowledge they acquired on TDI management; (4) a significant difference was found in the knowledge of primary caregivers considering their sex; (5) a significant difference was found in the knowledge of primary caregivers that have a Masters or Doctoral Degree.

Keywords: Traumatic dental injury, TDI management, primary caregivers, avulsion, reimplantation

A Comparative Assessment of the Glucose Monitor (SD Check GOLD) and Semi-auto Analyzer (Biosystems BTS350) in Measuring Blood Glucose Concentration Among Diabetics, Prediabetics, and Non-diabetics

Yanna Yvonne Macayan — Wed, 09 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Many chronic diabetics are strongly recommended to do self-monitoring to control glucose metabolism and prevent complications. A practical way to do this is using a glucometer, a device developed to measure glucose concentration from capillary samples in the comfort of the home. It is crucial to test if these glucometers are comparable to the standard laboratory method for glucose analysis. The objective of this study was to determine how well measurements from a glucometer using the SD Check GOLD are correlated with the measurements from a standard semi- auto analyzer such as the Biosystems BTS-350 using samples from a clinical laboratory in Mauban, Quezon. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a total of 45 randomly selected subjects; 16 diabetics, 14 prediabetics, and 15 non-diabetics. Venipuncture and finger prick samples were obtained, and glucose levels were measured. The mean concentration for the diabetics (n=16) using the glucometer was significantly different from that of the analyzer (174.910 ± 50.75 vs. 192.563 ± 61.49, p= 0.017), and over-estimated the glucose concentration. Similar readings for prediabetics (117.600 ± 13.10 vs 117.600 ± 13.10, p=0.001) and non-diabetics (85.614 ± 7.20 vs 88.930 ± 7.21, p=0.001) were observed. The correlation between the two methods was good and strongly significant (r=0.963, p=0.000). The glucometer used in this study has the tendency to overestimate glucose levels as compared to standard laboratory procedures and, therefore, must be anticipated by diabetic patients, especially those under anti-diabetic medications. The author recommends that further studies be done using multiple glucometer brands and add another group of subjects, Type 1 diabetics.

Keywords: Glucometer, self-monitoring blood glucose, diabetes, hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices on Physical Activity among Adults: A Basis for a Health Promotion Program

Mariefe Rada Echavez — Wed, 09 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Physical activity is one of the current needs globally and locally due to the need of every adult's physical inactivity. Physical activity plays a significant role in health promotion as well as the prevention of non-communicable diseases among adults. Thus, inadequate physical activity is one of the risk factors that lead to death worldwide. The goal of this health promotion program is to reach the highest level of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices on Physical Activity among adults in Mabulo, San Fernando Romblon. The method of the study constructed two phases of research design. The first phase was descriptive design (quantitative), also known as the needs assessment. The second phase was a case research study (qualitative). The researcher selected in the first phase 55 participants to respond to the need assessment survey. In the second phase, 6 participants were selected. The result shows that after the program, there was a 45% (from 45% to 90%) improvement in the knowledge of the participants on physical activity based on the pre-test and post-test given. Moreover, there was a 1.22 difference in the attitude of the participants from pre-test to post-test. The pre-test showed a positive response with a mean of 2.78, and the post-test reflected a very positive attitude with a mean of 4.00 after the program. Lastly, with the participant’s practices, there is a low response in the pre-test with a mean of 1.36; however, in the post-test, there is a high response with a mean of 2.6. There was a 1.24 increase in the practice of the participants from pre-test to post-test. The study concludes that physical activity has been proven to have significant benefits for hearts and contributes to preventing non-communicable diseases. Thus, further improves overall well-being in adults. Hence, promoting physical activity can help develop awareness among adults and become more conscious of their health and lifestyle. Further study is recommended using a behavioral change that focuses on barriers and benefits of physical activity.

Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Practices, Physical Activity

Hypertension Prevalence, Knowledge, Attitude and Health Practices Among Employees of a Wellness Village: Basis for a Proposed Hypertension-Prevention Program

Joraleen Dion Guevarra Yabut — Wed, 09 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Hypertension is known as a silent killer because some people who suffer from it do not know that they have the disease. Globally, approximately 7.5 million deaths occur due to high blood pressure. In the Philippines, hypertension is ranked as number eight and is the leading cause of death among Filipinos. Moreover, 41.3 million employed Filipinos are suffering from this disease. This study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitude, and health practices to prevent hypertension among the employees of a Wellness Village. The study used a quantitative type of research where 30 respondents were surveyed, utilizing a purposive sampling method in the selection of the appropriate respondents. The data were treated statistically with the utilization of frequency-percentage distribution and mean. The results showed that the respondents have very good knowledge (overall % = 72.99%), a fair attitude (mean=2.76), and fair practice (mean=2.37) on hypertension and its lifestyle management. As a result of this study, the researcher created a proposed intervention program for the risk reduction of hypertension among workplace employees.

Keywords: hypertension, employees, knowledge, attitude, practice

Extraction, Chemical Analysis, and Smoke Point Determination of Terminalia catappa Linn Seed Oil

Rachel Ann Joy D. Go, Rose Adrienne A. Dayo, Gladys Mae R. Laborde — Wed, 09 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Terminalia catappa Linn fruit, also known as tropical almond, is under-utilized. This study on food product development aimed to produce cooking oil out of the Terminalia catappa Linn seeds and determine its properties. The fruits were gathered and dehydrated for 16 hours using the Multi-Commodity Heat Pump Dryer. Each dehydrated Terminalia catappa Linn fruit was crushed to get the seed inside. The seeds were roasted and pulverized. Seeds were then subjected to oil extraction and chemical analysis. The smoke point of the oil extracted was tested in the chemistry laboratory. Based on the results, Terminalia catappa Linn seed yields 53.4% of fat. The distribution of the fatty acids in Terminalia catappa Linn oil is close to the optimum fatty acid balance ratio of saturated fatty acid (38%), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA 29%), polyunsaturated fatty acid (33%) of 1:1:1. The smoke point of the Terminalia catappa Linn oil is 392 °F or 200 °C, which is comparable to the smoke points of other common cooking oils. Therefore, Terminalia catappa Linn seed oil can be a healthy and practical option for cooking. Market studies and microbiological tests of the Terminalia catappa Linn oil are recommended.

Keywords: chemical analysis, cooking oil, extraction, smoke point, Terminalia catappa Linn seed

Awareness on Oral Health Changes at Menopause and the Oral Healthcare Seeking Behaviors of Menopausal Women in a Selected Educational Institution

Deborah Cynthia T. Gatchalian, Frida Ngo Sack Nlend, Alvin Ritchil — Wed, 09 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

During menopause, a woman experiences hormonal changes that can affect the whole body, oral health-related problems like Xerostomia, increased dental caries, changes in taste, gingivitis, Burning mouth syndrome, periodontitis, and osteoporotic jaws. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between the awareness of oral health changes of menopausal women and their oral health-seeking behaviors. The study employed the Descriptive- correlational, and Comparative designs through the use of the Frequency, Percentages, Mean, Standard Deviation, Kruskal Wallis, and Mann- Whitney Tests for statistical analysis. The study included 42 menopausal employees who were aged 40 – 65 years and above of a selected educational institution. They were recruited through Purposive Sampling and were requested to answer an online questionnaire via Google Forms. The total Awareness level of the participants had a mean score of 6.833 with a Standard Deviation of 2.76667, which can be interpreted as an average awareness level. For the Oral healthcare-seeking behaviors of the respondents, it showed a mean score of 3.4262 with a Standard Deviation of 0.46699, which can be interpreted as a good level of behaviors. The results of this study conclude that there is no difference in the awareness and behaviors of the menopausal women except in terms of medications which had a p-value of 0.009 which means that there was a significant difference between them. The awareness of oral health changes and oral health-seeking behaviors of menopausal women have a low positive significant relationship to each other. The researchers recommend that a new study be conducted by future investigators in a larger population of menopausal women in order to yield greater statistical reliability and validity.

Keywords: menopause, behavior, awareness, oral health, women

Transcultural Nursing Competency Experiences of Foreign Students from Selected Higher Education Institutions in the Philippines

Carmela G. Malabat, Fred B. Ruiz — Wed, 09 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The need for transcultural nursing competency experiences amongst students points to an array of improvements in nursing education. The study utilized a descriptive qualitative research design through a semi-structured interview guided by the central question, “What characterizes the transcultural nursing experiences of the key informants in the clinical and classroom settings?” Interviews alongside audio recordings served as key in eliciting the transcultural experiences of the key informants. Data collected through purposive sampling were transcribed verbatim, deeply analyzed, encoded, and synthesized. Thematic interlace, thematic embodiment, peer review, expert validation, and triangulation were done. Three themes surfaced: Transformational acculturation (experiences in theoretical and clinical settings with highlights on what changed them upon nursing school entrance); transitional acculturation (adaptation by application of theory to practice where there is continuity of learning from classroom to clinical); and transpersonal acculturation (experiences in theoretical and clinical settings emphasizing involvement beyond their sense of self, pointing to sublime experiences in nursing education). The themes’ interrelationship portrayed students going through this triad of transcultural adaptation with dynamic and unending lifelong learning experiences. In essence, students go through the process of cultural adaptation, so they need to experience that quality nursing care be tailor-fitted to clients of distinct backgrounds.

Keywords: Transcultural, nursing, competency, experiences

Phytochemical and Anti-Fungal Screening of the Averrhoa bilimbi Fruit Extract against Aspergillus Niger

Heidi S. Arit, Danica Gani Jarapa, Herdell Ray Fajura Serrano — Wed, 09 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Aspergillosis is a fungal infection and is a continuing problem in the world today. The respiratory infection increases the risk to those who are immunocompromised. Evidence shows that the Averrhoa bilimbi fruit contains the following pharmacological properties such as antihypertensive, antidiabetic, antithrombotic, cytotoxic, hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, anthelmintic, and antioxidant properties. However, the anti-fungal property of this medicinal plant has not been established. The objective of this study is to determine the bioactive constituents and investigate the antifungal ability of Averrhoa bilimbi fruit extract against Aspergillus niger organism. The study utilized a complete randomized design to determine the phytochemical properties and anti-fungal efficacy of Averrhoa bilimbi fruit extract against Aspergillus niger. The extraction of Averrhoa bilimbi fruit was tested according to the procedure of the Standards and Testing Division of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST). Qualitative analysis was also used to determine the phytochemical constituents of the fruit extract. An anti-fungal Assay was done to test the susceptibility of the extract to the Aspergillus niger. A positive control (clotrimazole) was used as a comparison. The result of anti-fungal screening of the extract reveals a complete inhibitory activity with mild reactivity against the test organism Aspergillus niger, which is comparable with clotrimazole. It is therefore recommended that similar studies be conducted to establish the anti-fungal property of the plant.

Keywords: anti-fungal property, Aspergillus niger, Averrhoa bilimbi, anti-fungal assay

An In Vitro Study on the Synergistic Effect of the Musa Acuminata and Citrofortunella Microcarpa Peel Extract Against Escherichia coli

Wed, 09 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Musa acuminata, locally known as Saba Bananas, and Citrofortunella microcarpa, locally known as Calamansi, are cheap native fruits in the Philippines. Both peels are commonly thrown out after consumption, but some studies suggest that fruit peels may still be useful for their antibacterial properties. With the rise of the demand for an alternative antibacterial agent, this study aims to test the efficacy of banana and calamansi peels and their synergistic effect as an antibacterial agent. The study utilized a true experimental research design to investigate the Synergistic Effect of the Musa acuminata and Citrofortunella microcarpa peel extract against Escherichia coli. 100g of each dried peel were soaked in 95% ethanol for 48 hours. It was then filtered and evaporated through the rotary evaporator. Phytochemical analysis to identify the secondary metabolites of the combination of fruit extracts. Disk diffusion assay was used to identify the efficacy rate of combining the fruit extracts against Escherichia coli by measuring the zone of inhibition. The data were then analyzed using descriptive statistics using mean, one-way ANOVA, and Post Hoc tests. The study identified secondary metabolites of the combination of both fruit extracts that were positive for Saponins, Flavonoids, Alkaloids, and Triterpenes. The disc diffusion assay identified that the calamansi peels, banana peels, and the combination of calamansi and banana peels fall under the very reactive reactivity rating (>19mm). When the three samples were compared using ANOVA and Post Hoc tests, it revealed that the average zone of inhibition of the three samples was significantly different, with the combined banana and calamansi sample as the highest. The researchers have concluded that the synergistic effect of the banana and calamansi peel extracts proved to be capable of acting as an antibacterial agent against E. coli. The researchers recommend exploring the efficacy rate of extracts with different concentrations and using different bacteria for future studies.

Keywords: synergistic effect, antibacterial assay, phytochemical analysis

Nurses' Cultural Competence: A Meta-analysis

Vanessa Fae C. Sulit, Nian Yang, Susy A. Jael — Wed, 09 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Cultural competence in nursing is essential in providing care that is centered around the unique, individual needs of patients from different cultures. This study used a meta-analysis research method to determine the different predictors of registered nurses’ cultural competence and their effect on cultural competence. Articles from 2010-2020 were collected on June 14-16, 2020 from research databases EBSCOhost, PubMed, and Google Scholar using the following search terms: nurse cultural competence, nurses cultural competency, nurse transcultural competence, nurse’ transcultural competency, nurse transcultural care, and nurse cultural care. From an initial of 170 studies, six studies qualified for inclusion in the meta-analysis based on the study criteria. From the six studies, 19 significant predictors of registered nurses’ cultural competence were identified, such as cultural skill, cultural desire, cultural encounter, cultural knowledge, attitude, cultural awareness, diversity training, empowerment, length of service, empathy, marital status, the experience of cultural education, work experience, experience caring for diverse patients, age, working in a specialty area, work shift, responsibility, and confidence level. Using the Hunter-Schmidt method, a significantly small correlation effect size (r =0.241) was found. There was no publication bias as revealed in the Rosenthal Fail-Safe N value of 3222. The results supported and confirmed Leininger’s Culture Care theory. It affirmed that the competence of nurses in caring for clients with different cultures is needed and important to provide culture-specific nursing care.

Keywords: nurse, cultural competence, meta-analysis

Relationship of Diet with Gastritis in Nursing Students of Universitas Klabat

Priscillia M. Saluy — Wed, 09 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Diseases that arise today result from an instant lifestyle and dietary errors such as eating frequency, type of food, and the portion of food, which has become a trend today. One of the diseases that many people complain about is gastritis. Gastritis can attack all levels of society from all levels of age and gender and can be acute and chronic. The percentage of gastritis incidence in Indonesia, according to WHO, is 40.8%. According to the order of disease in the Puskesmas, gastritis ranks 4th with 10,260 sufferers. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between diet and gastritis in students of the nursing faculty of the University of Klabat. This type of research is quantitative with a cross-sectional approach. The research sample is nursing students totaling 186 respondents who were taken by consecutive sampling methods. The data obtained were then carried out with statistical tests of the percentage and spearman rank. The results of the analysis showed that there was no relationship between eating frequency (p-value 0.947 > 0.05), type/variety of food (p-value 0.496 > 0.05), and meal portions (p-value 0.352 > 0.05) with gastritis. Recommendations to further researchers are to expand the research area by increasing the number of respondents, using different research designs, and adding other variables such as age, gender, cigarette use, coffee and alcohol consumption, gas drinks, and stress that is thought to be associated with gastritis.

Keywords: diet, eating frequency, gastritis, meal portion, type of food

The Nature of Burnout and Secondary Traumatic Stress of a Police First Responder: A Case Study

Jezamine R. De Leon, Myrna M. Campomanes — Wed, 09 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Over time, the challenging nature of police work may threaten the well-being of police first responders. This study described the nature of police burnout and secondary traumatic stress brought by exposure and helping victims of violence. The participant is a female 40-year-old police first responder who handles cases of violence against women and children. The study used psychological inventories, observations, and interviews to gather essential data. Further, this research used the Professional Quality of Life Theory to evaluate and analyze the case studied. The results showed that burnout and secondary traumatic stress were the mental health concerns of the participant. In addition, the participant described that burnout happens when there is high job demand, unbalanced case workload, and the absence of support and supervision. At the same time, secondary traumatic stress exists due to exposure to people who experienced traumatic, stressful events. Moreover, the participant expressed the need to have a mental health program at the workplace. The study's overall findings highlighted principles and guidelines for a mental health program framework catered to police first responders working with victims of violence. This mental health program must include regular assessment of the overall psychosocial functioning of police first responders, undergo regular debriefing, improve competencies in handling violence against women and children cases, have a flexible work schedule and a balanced caseload. Lastly, conducting a further study on the variables examined with a bigger sample size through quantitative research is highly recommended.

Keywords: burnout, secondary traumatic stress, police first responders, mental health program framework

Experimental Study on Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) and Natural Cure

Ratna Noah — Wed, 09 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The objective of this research is to find through the experiments with patients with mild/partial to chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) with a natural cure. Currently, research on GERD show there is a clinical treatment based on drugs that have no definitive cure. There is no cure by following the clinical procedures. The experiment was conducted to find a natural cure for partial to chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease. The method used in this research was an experimentation method to examine patients suffering from mild/partial to chronic GERD and administer to them raw Brassica oleracea var. capitate juice. The treatment in this experiment was administered from one day to five days. This study experiment included ten patients with mild/partial to chronic symptoms of GERD of different nationalities and cultures. When the fresh raw cabbage juice extract was administered to all the patients at different periods, hundred percent of the experiment subjects were relieved of heartburn or discomfort immediately. All of them were cured of GERD and were back to normal. The experiment conducted in this study was inferred as one hundred percent cured. Thus, the results of this study confirm that plant-based fresh juice extract could be used on GERD patients with mild/partial to chronic conditions.

Keywords: Gastroesophageal reflux disease, natural cure

Nursing Services Impact on Patient Satisfaction at Kedaton Healthcare Center in Bandar Lampung Indonesia

Novita Verayanti Manalu — Wed, 09 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Patient satisfaction is a quality measurement of service that is always expected, both at the hospital and at the health center. It is important to assess whether service standards and other factors have been met. One way to assess service quality is to use the RATER model, which has five aspects, namely responsiveness, assurance, tangibles, empathy, and reliability.The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between nursing services and patient satisfaction at Kedaton Healthcare Center in Bandar Lampung. This study used an analytical survey method with a cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling with a total sample of 44 patients. The results showed that only 21.4 percent of patients assessed that nursing services were good, and 64.1 percent of patients stated that the service was not good. For the level of patient satisfaction, 51.3 percent of patients have moderate satisfaction, and 45.4 percent of patients have low satisfaction. The data analysis technique used the chi-square test, with a significance level of p-value = 0.016 (α = 0.05) and OR 10.766. This means that there is a significant relationship between nursing services and the level of patient satisfaction at the Kedaton Public Health Center Bandar Lampung Indonesia, and good nursing services have a 10,766 times greater chance of getting higher patient satisfaction. Nursing service standards are needed to increase patient satisfaction.

Keywords: Nursing services, RATER, patient satisfaction, in-patient