8ISC Abstract Proceedings

Reflections on the Pandemic, Online Learning, and the Outcomes of Faith-based Education

Francis D. Gayoba, President of AUP — Tue, 22 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The shift to fully-online learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic has posed challenges to delivering the outcomes of faith-based tertiary-level boarding schools. The mission of faith-based schools is to transform students into the kinds of persons their religious traditions envision their members should be. This paper addresses the issue of whether faith-based schools can fulfill such as a mission in the context of the long-term use of online learning. The reflection first examines whether online-learning outcomes align with faith-based schools' educational theory and curriculum goals. Secondly, the paper considers insights from neuroscience and education on the impact of online learning on the wholistic development of students. The paper concludes that, first, the long-term use of online learning does not fully provide a community experience needed to develop faith. Secondly, the effects of prolonged use of online learning result in changes in the student’s brains that undermine faith maturity. Some suggestions are provided on how to temporarily compensate such limitations and effects so that faith-based schools can still partially fulfill their mission in the context of online learning due to the pandemic.

Keywords: online-learning, faith-based, education

Spiritual Health and Emotional Intelligence of Nursing Students

Tue, 22 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Spiritual health and emotional intelligence status of nurses are important in the delivery of quality nursing care. A Descriptive-Correlational Comparative research design was used to determine the level of spiritual health and emotional intelligence (Self-control, Well-being, Emotionality, Sociability) of nursing students, the relationship of the variables, and the difference in the emotional intelligence when age, gender, and nationality were considered. Nursing students (N = 150) in seven (7) different sectarian schools in the Philippines were surveyed through purposive sampling. Results showed that the spiritual health and emotional intelligence of the respondents were high. There was a positive, significant relationship between spiritual health and emotional intelligence (p .000). The higher the level of spiritual health of the nursing students, the higher is the emotional intelligence. However, there was no significant difference in the emotional intelligence of the nursing students when gender, year level, and religion were considered. The results of the study supported the concepts in the Careful Nursing Values Model that emotional intelligence is deeply rooted in spiritual values and that spiritual value enforces emotional health. Based on the findings, it is important for nursing educators to create programs and activities that would enhance the spiritual health and emotional intelligence of the nursing students and for nursing students to participate in those activities. Future research studies should consider including other variables, increase the sample size and do a qualitative study to gain a deeper understanding of the phenomenon.

Keywords: Spiritual Health, Emotional Intelligence, Self-control, Emotionality, Well-being, Sociability

Development, Standardization, and Acceptability of Cassava (manihot esculenta) – Okara Polvoron enhanced with Malunggay (moringa oleifera)

Tue, 22 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Cassava and malunggay are economical and nutritious crops in the Philippines which are not popular among younger people, and okara (soypup) is a byproduct of soy milk and tokwa production that is commonly thrown away thus, the development of the product. The study utilized experimental research design through trial formulation and has used percentages to determine the acceptability of the product. The purpose of this food research was to utilize locally available foods and utilize food waste. Cassava, soy pulp, and malunggay were dehydrated and ground separately. Pulverized cassava and soy pulp which are the main ingredients, were toasted. After toasting, malunggay the nutrient enhancer, grounded baked peanut used for a crunchy mouthfeel, muscovado sugar used as sweetener, milk as a taste enhancer and a protein source, and margarine as a binder were mixed thoroughly with the toasted cassava and okara. The product is a high source of thiamine (B1), a good source of riboflavin (B2) and calcium, and it is liked by 89% of evaluators. The product’s shelf life is 30 days at room temperature, and each piece of 15 grams is 4.50 pesos. It is recommended that the product be produced for commercial purposes and further experiment to increase the shelf life.

Keywords: okara, malunggay, polvoron, cassava

Effects of Superhydrophobic Coating on the Water Uptake, Droplet Dispersion, and Bacterial Adhesion in Cotton Masks

Gershon Mark G. Cortez, Mary Jane Botabara-Yap, Orlex B. Yllano — Tue, 22 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Numerous microorganisms can be transmitted via coughing, sneezing, and even talking, and since oral and respiratory droplets are water-based, it is necessary for a mask, especially on its external layer, to have some degree of water repellency. The surgical mask is the standard mask against respiratory droplets. However, due to the increasing demand for surgical masks, shortage and possible environmental implications may urge the public to use an alternative mask with efficacy against water-based droplets close to the surgical mask. Using posttest only control groups research design, cotton masks were coated with a superhydrophobic coating (SHC) and evaluated for their efficacy to prevent water uptake, block dispersed droplets, and reduce bacterial adhesion, using the uncoated cotton mask and surgical mask for comparisons. The experiment results revealed that the water uptake of the cotton mask with SHC (6.45%) was significantly lower than the uncoated cotton masks (109.14%) but was significantly higher than the surgical mask (3.26%), both at p < 0.001. Also, a significantly lower number (p = 0.001) of adhered bacteria (from 5666.67 CFU/cm2 to 2166.67 CFU/cm2) was collected from cotton masks after the addition of SHC. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the bacterial adhesion between cotton masks with SHC and surgical masks (p = 0.238). In droplet dispersion, there was no significant difference among the three types of masks observed (p=0.128). Overall, the superhydrophobic coating can make cotton masks produce efficacy against respiratory droplets that is almost similar to surgical masks. It is recommended that when opting to use a substitute for a surgical mask, it is recommended to use a two-layer cotton mask coated with superhydrophobic material.

Keywords: cotton mask, superhydrophobic coating, water uptake, droplet dispersion, bacterial adhesion

Overview of Maternal Education Level and Family Income Among Stunting Children Under 5 Years Old at Puskesmas Parongpong Workplace In 2019

Cheryl Ginny B. Kelendonu, Sapti H. Widyarti Djula — Tue, 22 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Stunting is one of the nutritional problems where the presence of disorders in children's height is lower than the height of children at their age. The socioeconomic status of parents is one of the indirect causes of stunting. Some factors of parents are income and education. Mother plays an important role in the growth and development of a child. The purpose of this study was to describe the level of income and education of mothers who have stunted children under five years. The design of this study was a cross-sectional method with a purposive sampling technique with secondary data based on data obtained from the Puskesmas Parongpong and the research format consisting of the mother's socioeconomic status, namely income and education. The results of this study were: The highest education level of the mothers is in the middle, with the average number being 62,3%, it is categorized in Middle education. While the highest level of family income is in the middle, with the average number being 49%, it is categorized as Middle income. The evidence of stunted children under five years old is most categorized as short. Mothers are expected to pay more attention because mothers spend the most time with children and have to maintain the nutritional balance for their children during the growth and development period. As one of the health centers, Puskesmas Parongpong has to improve health promotion services about stunting and reduce the number of stunting events in their work area.

Keywords: Stunting, Education, Maternal Income

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices on Oral Health of Children Living in Alternative Care (CLIAC) Ages 6-12 Years Old: A Basis for Dental Health Program

Tue, 22 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Oral diseases continue to be a serious public health problem in the Philippines, especially Children Living in Alternative Care (CLIAC). This study aims to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and practices on Oral Health of CLIAC ages 6-12 years old as a basis for a dental health program. A descriptive quantitative study was conducted at an institution in Batangas among 38 respondents. Questionnaires were used to collect data which were encoded in SPSS software to generate the mean scores for each of the given questions and their standard deviation. The study found that the CLIAC has high knowledge of oral health but showed poor results on replacing toothbrushes and tooth brushing pressure. The CLIAC had a neutral attitude on oral health but showed a negative attitude towards the taste of the toothpaste, perspective towards the dentist, and the effects of nutrition and diet on oral health. The CLIAC has a fair practice towards oral health as evidenced by their good practice in performing oral hygiene, nutrition, and diet; fair practices on mouthwash, dental visits, sweet and soft drinks consumption; and poor practices on flossing. A dental health program was developed based on the results of this study for these CLIAC. The aim of the program was to maintain and enrich knowledge, enhance attitude, and improve practices on oral health. It is recommended that the same program should be tested for its effectiveness in increasing the CLIAC’s knowledge, attitude, and practices towards their oral health.

Keywords: public health, dental health program, children living in alternative care, alternative care, oral health

Lived Experiences of Primary Caregivers of Terminally Ill Persons

Joyosthie B. Orbe, Gabrielle H. Matahari, Zajrel Wayne T. Castillo — Tue, 22 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Primary caregivers are highly affected in the care of the terminally ill, especially if they are immediate members of the family. This study explored the lived experiences of primary caregivers during and after the loss of family members with terminal illnesses. This qualitative, phenomenological study was conducted among sixteen participants, ages 20-80 years old, 16 informal caregivers of a terminally ill family member who passed away in a home-based setting not more than five years back. A self-constructed questionnaire was used to guide the face-to-face interviews with the respondents selected through purposive sampling and snowballing. The thematic analysis underwent the process of identification of patterns, data familiarization, coding, theme development, and revision. The findings of the study revealed holistic pain and time-management difficulty. Despite the satisfaction felt during the care, the results showed the primary caregivers lack of knowledge, overwhelming tasks, tiredness, anxiety, fear, financial strain for treatment and medications, and time management controversies, which negatively affected the caregivers’ life during their care of the terminally ill loved one. The lived experiences after losing the terminally ill loved ones resulted in sadness, dependence on God, relief, and a shift to diversional activities. The recommendation posits that primary caregivers must have support groups consisting of peers who have the same experience, understands the process, and are ready to help in times of need.

Keywords: phenomenology, terminally ill, primary caregivers, lived experiences

Exploration of Lo-Fi Music and its Effect on Vital Signs Among Non-Medicated Hypertensive Patients

Seth N. Corpuz, Arvin John R. Macalintal, Mark B. Samson — Tue, 22 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Classical music has been shown to have therapeutic effects on vital signs, such as reducing blood pressure (BP) as a result due to its relaxing effect. This study investigates the effects of Lo-Fi music on the vital signs (VS) of non-medicated hypertensive patients. This study was conducted among 30 respondents consisting of 10 males and 20 females between the ages of 30 and 66. This quasi-experimental study utilized the two-group pretest/posttest research design. The respondents were divided into two equal groups using simple randomization of rock-paper-scissors, with 15 in the control group (CG) and 15 in the experimental group (EG). All respondents had a 5-minute rest period before the conduct of the study. The EG listened to a compilation of various Lo-Fi songs for 5 minutes. The CG sat in silence for a similar duration of time. The post-VS were taken from both groups, including systolic, diastolic, heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), and oxygen(O2) saturation, which were measured with a thermometer gun, electronic BP apparatus, and pulse oximeter for pretest and posttest. Results reveal that there was no significant difference in the vital signs for both the EG and CG, with the exception of O2 saturation of the CG. For the comparison of the CG and EG, there was no significant difference in the systolic, diastolic, HR, RR, and O2 saturation of the respondents. There was no significant difference in the vital signs when age and body mass index were considered. Although playing Lo-Fi music to non-medicated hypertensive patients led to a notable decrease in systolic and diastolic BP, it was not enough to be statistically significant.

Keywords: lo-fi music, hypertension, music therapy

Online Health Information Seeking Behavior and Thriving Quotient: A Cross-Sectional Study among Filipino College Students

Rhalf Jayson F. Guanco, Sheryll Ann M. Castillo, Edwin A. Balila — Tue, 22 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Accurate and reliable health information is critical for students' ability to thrive and overall well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, research on online health information-seeking behavior and thriving in a non-western country and during a pandemic is scarce. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between online health information seeking behavior (OHISB) and the thriving quotient (TQ). The researchers enrolled 830 males and females from randomly selected universities in the Philippines. The self-constructed Online Health Seeking Information Behavior (OHSIB-12) and the modified Thriving Quotient (TQ-30) were used as valid and reliable research instruments. This study revealed that the majority of university students had meager to high levels of TQ subcomponents and an acceptable level of OHSIB. Correlation analyses revealed a positive correlation between online health information seeking behavior and the components of the thriving quotient. Developing a healthy online information search can influence students to make healthier choices, thereby improving their sense of well-being and increasing their chances of thriving in an uncertain world. It was recommended that students receive proper guidance from educational and health authorities regarding their OHSIB.

Keywords: thriving quotient, online health information, pandemic

The Influence of Honey Wound Dressing Using a Post Trauma Wound at Bandung Adventist Hospital

Gabriela Gloria Rumbay, Elisa Anderson — Tue, 22 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Honey wound dressing is one of the special dressings used for wounds in the process of wound healing. Bandages of honey are known to be very effective in the process of healing wounds because of their low water content, and the PH of honey in the dressing of acid honey and its hydrogen peroxide content can kill bacteria, fungi, viruses, and microorganisms that enter the human body so that infecting wounds one of which is trauma injury. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the use of honey as a wound dressing on post-traumatic wounds at Bandung Adventist Hospital. The method that was used in this research is quantitative by using a pre-experiment one group pretest-posttest design research design with statistical analysis. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with an overall 45 of total with trauma wound at the Adventist Clinic Hospital in Bandung, and the data were collected using the Bates Jensen Wound Assessment Tool and analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. The results obtained P-value = 0,000 <0.05, so it was concluded that there is an influence on the use of a honey wound dressing on post-traumatic wounds at Bandung Adventist Hospital. Recommendation for the hospital institutions to continue to use this intervention in wounds, not just in post-traumatic wounds, and hopefully, the wider community can further apply the results of this research in everyday life.

Keywords: Honey, wound-dressing, post-traumatic, injury

The Correlation between Physical Workload and Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) Complains in Porters at Bersehati Traditional Market Manado

Intan Allicya Friska Langi, Elisa Anderson — Tue, 22 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Work that depends on physical strength can increase the physical workload. As a result, it leads to Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs), which are muscular complaints of the musculoskeletal system. The purpose of this study was to find out the correlation between physical workload and MSDs complaints in the porters at Bersehati Market Manado. This study used a correlational descriptive research design with a cross-sectional approach. There were 87 respondents who were involved, and they were determined by using consecutive technique sampling. The result showed 63.2% of the porters had moderate physical workload, 43.7% of the porters got low MSDs complaints, and there was a significant correlation between the physical workload and the MSDs complaints in the porters at Bersehati Traditional Market Manado (p=0.000 <0.05). The recommendations for the porters are to use work tools to reduce the load weight and to increase the rest time so the physical workload complaints can decrease, and it leads to the reduction of MSDs complaints. Recommendations for the next researchers are to investigate the other factors which can affect the appearance of MSDs complaints, such as weight, working time period, nutritional status, sleep quality, working posture, or mental workload.

Keywords: Musculoskeletal Disorders, physical workload, porters, traditional market

The Relationship Between Sitting Position and Length of Sitting with the Incidence of Low Back Pain in Tailors at Pasar 45 Manado

Monica Magdalena Tengor, Elisa Anderson — Tue, 22 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Tailors are service providers to make clothes that work in a sitting position and long length of time due to working. Both sitting position and length of time are part of sewing activities and factors that can cause low back pain. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between sitting position and length of sitting with the incidence of low back pain in tailors at Pasar 45 Manado. This research method is cross-sectional, involving 45 respondents through a total sampling technique. The results of this study are most of the tailors, 24 (53.3%), have a moderate risk sitting position and 17 (37.8%) length of sitting at a moderate level with respondents experiencing mostly mild pain, and there is no significant correlation between sitting position and length of sitting on low back pain (p=0.609) and (p=0.095). Tailors are often exposed to pain, so tailors are looking for ways to anticipate or reduce pain, such as stretching or looking for a comfortable position, and because of covid-19, tailors have more free time to rest, relax, or do other activities that are not too burdensome for the tailor’s spine, also a decreased and uncertain workload and working time every day, which are the reason for no significant correlation. It is recommended for further researchers to examine other determinants such as workload and working period, as well as for tailors to perform ergonomic positions.

Keywords: Low Back Pain, tailors, sitting position, ergonomic

A Critical Realist Review of JKN-BPJS Implementation in Indonesia

Nova Lina Langingi, Cyruz P. Tuppal — Tue, 22 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Through the National Health Insurance (JKN) organized by Social Security Administrative Bodies-Health (BPJS Kesehatan), the country is present to ensure that all Indonesian citizens are protected by comprehensive, fair, and equitable health insurance. The implementation and existence of the National Health Insurance (JKN) program have been highly beneficial for the public. Unfortunately, there is half of the total population who do not have full coverage of essential health services to investigate the implementation of JKN-BPJS in Indonesia. A critical realist review focuses on the study of JKN-BPJS Implementation as a whole in Health care agencies, namely hospitals and Puskesmas (Primary Health Care) in Indonesia used the google search engine in searching, with the keywords of "implementation of JKN-BPJS" and "execution of JKN-BPJS" because of this study specifically about Indonesian Health Insurance. The appraisal tool to assess the qualitative study used by the researcher was a tool from the Alberta Heritage Foundation of Medical Research. After assessing seven articles, the researcher found six articles with a score > 80% and one article with only a 55% score, and thus, six articles meet the criteria. There were two themes in this study, namely compliments and room for improvement. Furthermore, each theme has sub-themes. Compliments have eight sub-themes: facility and infrastructure; attitude; knowledge, skill, continuing education; coordination; communication; standard operating procedure; socialization; and commitment. Lastly, room for improvements has five sub-themes: facility and infrastructure; workload; attitude; communication; and socialization. It is recommended to the Health Care Agency (Hospital and Health Care Agency) to add and improve the facilities and infrastructures such as the number of beds and patient rooms and add healthcare workers and administrative staff.

Keywords: JKN-BPJS, Indonesia, Implementation

Determining the Perceived Information Literacy on HIV/AIDS of Senior High School Students

Tue, 22 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

HIV/AIDS is a social problem in Indonesia. Teenagers account for most HIV/AIDS cases in Bogor, West Java; thus, the issue of whether they are HIV/AIDS literate needs to be addressed. This study aims to find the level of information literacy on the perception of HIV/AIDS among senior high school students in terms of recognition of information needs on HIV/AIDS, location, and evaluation of information on HIV AIDS, storage and retrieving information, and the effective use of information. It also determines if there was a significant difference in information literacy on the perception of HIV/AIDS when the respondents were clarified into age and sex. This study employed a quantitative research approach with a descriptive analysis design that was carried out among senior high school students in Caringin, Bogor, Indonesia, in April 2021 as no study within the exact context has chosen the school as the respondents. There were a total of 131 respondents, with 33 males and 98 females. The findings indicated that except for the level of storage and retrieving information, which was moderate, the respondents’ level of information literacy from the dimension such as recognition of information needs on HIV/AIDS, the level on location and evaluation of information on HIV/AIDS, and the level of effective use of information was high. The study also found no significant difference in information literacy between males and females and among three different age groups.

Keywords: Perceived Information Literacy, HIV/AIDS, high school, Indonesia

Effectiveness of Consumption of Carica Papaya L, as a Natural Remedy to Treat Constipation

Nilawati Soputri, Mawar Panjaitan — Tue, 22 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The problem of this study: how effective does consuming ripe Carica papaya L fruit in overcoming constipation? Carica Papaya L is a fruit that is rich in nutrients and non-nutritive components. Several non-nutritive components contained in Carica Papaya L fruit, namely fiber, carpaine alkaloid compounds, and proteolytic enzymes, are known to overcome functional constipation. These substances are useful for facilitating gastrointestinal function, increasing stool mass, and making stools softer so that they can prevent and treat constipation. The purpose of this study: was to see how effective is consuming ripe Carica papaya L fruit in overcoming constipation. Methods: The research design is a one-group pretest-posttest design. Forty research subjects voluntarily participated in the study. Research subjects were selected by purposive sampling method, individuals who have a history of functional constipation and have not defecated for three days or more. Results: The results showed that one-time consumption of a smoothie made from 200 grams of ripe Carica Papaya L fruit blended with 100 cc of mineral water and given after dinner was 82.5% effective for overcoming constipation. Implications and contributions: The results showed that papaya could be used as natural medicine or an alternative treatment in overcoming the problem of constipation.

Keywords: Carica papaya L, Constipation

Islamic Spiritual-based Health Promotion on the Basic Immunization and the Knowledge and Attitudes of the Mothers

Samuel M. Simanjuntak, Indah Nurnisa — Tue, 22 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

It was found that only 25 % of mothers with a toddler understood the importance of basic immunization and the basic immunization schedule in their area. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of the Islamic spiritual-based health promotion of toddlers’ basic immunization on the mothers’ knowledge and attitudes about the immunization at RW.06 Sukajaya village. The method used in this study was quasi-experimental with one group pretest post-test without control. The data gathered in this study were obtained from questionnaires filled by the respondents and analyzed by using SPSS. The results of data analysis showed that there were significant differences regarding the mothers’ knowledge about toddlers basic immunization before and after the Islamic spiritual-based health promotion of the immunization at RW.06 Sukajaya village with p-value <0.05, and there were significant differences towards the mothers’ attitudes regarding the toddlers’ basic immunization before and after the health promotion of the immunization at RW.06 Sukajaya village with p-value = 0.00. This study concludes that the faith-based counsel given to the mothers regarding the toddlers’ basic immunization had significantly increased the mothers’ knowledge and attitudes. From the results of this study, it is suggested for the nurses or related health professional workers to give more attention to the need of conducting faith-based health promotions on basic immunization on a regular basis to the public, especially mothers with toddlers in order to improve the health standard of Indonesian children.

Keywords: Attitude, Basic immunization, Islamic spiritual-based health promotion, Knowledge

The Effect of NaCl 0.9% and Chlorhexidine for Oral Care on the Ph of Unconscious Intubated Patients’ Mouths

Gilny Rantung, Daniel Silton, Jeanny Rantung — Tue, 22 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The mouth of an unconscious intubated patient tends to open, causing a dry mouth. Then the pH in the mouth becomes more acidic, increasing the tendency for bacteria to colonize. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of NaCl 0.9% solution and Chlorhexidine 0.2% solution on the pH of unconscious intubated patients' mouths in an intensive care unit. Using an experimental-research design, 20 patients were selected purposively and were divided into two groups. The Group 1 patients were given oral hygiene by the use of a NaCl 0.9% solution (control group). The Group 2 patients were given oral hygiene by the use of a Chlorhexidine 0.2% solution. The procedure was repeated within 4 hours of the first procedure. Before and after the procedures, the pH of the patients' mouths was assessed with pH paper. The oral-hygiene mean score of Group 1 after the 1st and 2nd treatments was 0.22 and 0.23, respectively. In Group 2, the pH after the 1st and 2nd treatments was 0.35 and 0.3, respectively. The data showed no significant differences in pH mean scores between Group 1 and Group 2. NaCl 0.9% and Chlorhexidine 0.2% were indicated to be ineffective for increasing the pH level of unconscious-intubated patients. However, NaCl 0.9% tended to increase pH levels, although they were still within an acidic level.

Keywords: NaCl, Chlorhexidine, oral care, unconscious-intubated patients

Effect of a Ten-minute-40%-VO2max-Intensity- Ergometer-Exercise Right after Glucose Intake on the Postprandial Blood Glucose Profile among Normoglycemic Men

Albert M. Hutapea, Kartika Octavia — Tue, 22 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

It is a common notion that light exercise after meals can lower postprandial hyperglycemia. This study investigated whether light exercise with an intensity of 40% VO2max can produce this effect. The study involved 30 normoglycemic men, aged (20±1.5 years), weight (59.5±9.1 kg), height (165±6.2 cm), and normal BMI (Body Mass Index). (21.8±2.8), systolic blood pressure (128.5±12.1), diastolic (90±9.9), and resting pulse (73±10.1). Both the control and the treatment groups ingested 75 grams/kg BW. The treatment group underwent a 40%-VO2maxintensity exercise using a bicycle ergometer for 10 minutes right after ingesting the glucose, but not the control group. Profiles of changes in blood glucose of both groups were recorded in all treatments at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after glucose intake. The Area Under Curve (AUC) of each blood glucose level was calculated using the Trapezoidal Rule method. The results showed the mean and standard deviation of the AUC in the glucose control group at 30, 60, 90, 120 minutes were 3.736.5±637, 4.757±954, 4,484.5±1.002, 3.818±716. In the exercise treatment group after glucose intake at 30, 60, 90, 120 minutes were 3,642.5±534, 4.625±1.160, 4.385.5±1.167, 3,683.5±588, respectively. The results showed that there was attenuation in the postprandial hyperglycemia in each time point but not significant (p>.05), and the overall postprandial blood glucose profile of the experimental treatment group and the glucose control group (16796±2833.1 vs. 16,336.5±3.141,6) was not significant either (p>0.05). Thus, it was concluded that exercise with an intensity of 40% VO2max performed after glucose intake did not affect postprandial blood glucose changes. It is recommended that further study be done with higher intensity and longer duration exercise.

Keywords: Hyperglycemia, Postprandial Blood glucose, Ergometer, Exercise, VO2max

Challenges and Strategies for Training and Development of Health Workforce Improvement in Indonesia

Lyna M. N. Hutapea — Tue, 22 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Nursing is an essential profession in health care services worldwide. The higher the quality of nurses, the better the patient care and other health care services they provide. Although health workforce competence comes in different definitions in different countries, however, in general, it is defined to be a comprehensive statement of proven quality. The aim of this study is to investigate some concerns over the challenges and strategies for health workforce improvement in Indonesia. The method in this study from the literature review to explore those challenges and strategies. The challenges include a shortage and inequitable distribution of medical workers, health workforce policy development and planning are not based on real need, growing and changing demand for health care due to demographic and epidemiological changes will increase the burden on the already ineffective health system. The strategies recommended are better information about the dynamics of the health workforce at the national and subnational levels, modernization of the planning methods for health workforce production and deployment to reflect real demand, to include the private sector in health workers recruitment and deployment, limit the recruitment of publicly funded medical doctors in urban areas, given the fact that more medical doctors settle in urban areas because of private practice opportunities. The public sector should emphasize the placement of medical doctors in rural under-serviced areas to increase the efficient use of public money, modernize health workforce policies based on an evidence-based evaluation of past policies and the quality assurance–certification, strengthen not only the clinical competence of nurses and midwives but also privilege them for providing clinical service in remote areas.

Keywords: Health care and services, health workforce improvement.

Comparison of Health Education Technique on the Abortion Knowledge Levels in Students of UNKLAB Airmadidi High School

Loura Caroline Korengkeng, Beverly Tumundoh — Tue, 22 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Abortion is one of the deviant behavior, and it is also the release of conception before twenty weeks' gestation or a fetus weighing less than five hundred grams. To avoid this deviant behavior, teenagers need information about the dangers and negative effects of abortion. Therefore, health education was given as an important way to increase the knowledge about abortion and its relation to reproductive health. The purpose of this research was to find out which health education techniques were more effective on the level of abortion knowledge in students at UNKLAB Airmadidi High School. This is quantitative research with Quasi Experiment Design with a Pretest-Posttest Nonequivalent Control Group approach. The sample was all 12th-grade students of UNKLAB Airmadidi High School, and data were collected using a questionnaire to measure the level of knowledge. The results from the Independent t-test show the p value= 0,002, which means there was significant relation of health education on the knowledge level of abortion in students at UNKLAB Airmadidi High School. This research recommended that schools must work together with the local health office or public health center to provide health education about adolescent reproductive health. The recommendation for the next researcher is to try different health education techniques, such as video.

Keywords: Abortion knowledge, health education, high school

Clusters of Poverty Incidence and Road Networks: A Case Analysis for Eastern Visayas, Philippines

Nelda Nacion, Hernan Gonzales Pantolla — Tue, 22 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The lowest official disaggregation in estimating poverty incidence in the Philippines is on the cities and municipalities level. The Philippine Statistics Authority, through their small area estimation, has released open access data for the periods of 2009, 2012, and 2015 poverty estimates for all the cities and municipalities of the country. This study selected the region of Eastern Visayas, being one of the poorest regions in the country and currently has the slowest economic growth in the Visayas group of islands. For all three periods, the Geographical Information System was applied to generate poverty maps that led to easier visualization and interpretability. Spatial analysis was also applied to determine if clusters of poverty exist. The findings through the Moran’s I Statistic reveal that poverty incidence for all three periods of estimation has significant nonrandom clustering patterns. Moreover, the paper highlights how good road networks in the region could be instrumental in hopes of successful devolution in the future. This study, therefore, further emphasizes the importance of data-driven decision-making and the application of empirical methods in formulating and improving policies, especially those related to infrastructure investments.

Keywords: Eastern Visayas, Geographical Information System, Poverty Incidence, Road Networks, Spatial Analysis

Corporate Social Responsibility Performance and Stock Market Valuation in Indonesia

Fanny Soewignyo — Tue, 22 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

This study provides an analysis of the importance of corporate social responsibility performance towards the stock market valuation of companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Indonesia is one of the destination countries for foreign investment; however, foreign investors are more interested in investing in socially responsible companies. Based on 237 observations from 2013 to 2018, the finding indicates a negative and significant effect of overall corporate social responsibility performance on stock market valuation measured by Tobin’s Q. This suggests that the stock market in Indonesia reacts negatively to high corporate social responsibility performance. The market considers corporate social responsibility as costly activities which can reduce company profit, thereby reducing shareholders’ wealth. Furthermore, considering the different categories of corporate social responsibility, the findings show a negative and significant effect of the community category on stock market valuation. This result indicates that the market is still not convinced that investing in the community can have a profitable impact. The effectiveness of community service activities is doubted by the market. Meanwhile, the three other categories, namely, employee, environment, and governance, do not have a significant effect on stock market valuation. This could be related to investors’ view that CSR activities are conducted just to comply with the requirement of law and regulations. It is not motivated by a sense of responsibility and ethical behavior. Thus, stock market valuation is unaffected by the rating, whether it is high or low. Therefore, public companies in Indonesia must be able to convince investors that the implementation of social responsibility is carried out in accordance with applicable laws and is effectively implemented.

Keywords: Corporate social responsibility, stock market, performance, valuation, Indonesia

The Effect of Service Quality, Corporate Image and Perceived Value on Customer Loyalty through Customer Satisfaction as a Mediator at the Adventist Hospital in Manado

Ronny Walean, Shapely Ambalao, Marni Roring, Marselina Lay Rihi — Tue, 22 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The rapid increase in the number of hospitals from year to year compels all hospitals to continually focus on the quality of healthcare. This study is aimed to analyze the structural model of customer loyalty through customer satisfaction as a mediating variable while service quality, corporate image, and perceived value are exogenous variables at the Adventist Hospital in Manado. The study uses a cross-sectional design by utilizing Structural Equation Model (SEM) analysis with SMART PLS. The result of the SMART PLS analysis found that service quality, corporate image, and perceived value have a positive effect on customer satisfaction. Moreover, corporate image and perceived value have significant positive effects on customer loyalty. Whereas service quality does not show a significant effect on customer loyalty as shown on T-statistics to have value <1,96 or p-value >0,05. Customer satisfaction has a significant positive effect on customer loyalty. Furthermore, the results of customer satisfaction are partially mediated by customer satisfaction on customer loyalty. It is recommended that the management of the Adventist Hospital give attention to customer satisfaction as it has been proven to give complete mediating influence to service quality and customer quality, whereas perceived value and the corporate image showed partial influence on customer loyalty. Based on the results, there remains 30,7% of other variables that have not been included in this study and therefore recommended to be accommodated in a future study.

Keywords: Service quality, corporate image, perceived value, customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, hospital

Factors Affecting Students’ Pursuance to Complete the Bachelor of Science in Accountancy Course

Tue, 22 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The accounting profession has always played a vital role in the business world because of the financial information that helps in the decision-making of businesses. Statistics from several studies indicate a downward trend in accounting graduates. Therefore, this study determined the factors affecting the students’ pursuance to complete the Bachelor of Science in Accountancy (BSA) program, given that several studies indicated a decline in the enrolment of accounting degrees. The factors considered were stereotypes, social conditions, social status, and economic reasons. The correlational method of research was employed to gather information using survey questionnaires. The study was conducted in three selected higher education institutions in the Philippines with a total of 145 freshmen and sophomore students, chosen through stratified sampling. Regression analysis revealed that stereotypes and economic reasons significantly influence the students’ degree of pursuance to BSA courses. The findings implied that students who are less likely to stereotype and have stronger economic reasons are more likely to complete the accountancy program. On the contrary of the results, the factors social conditions and social status do not significantly influence the pursuance of the students. The study also revealed that regardless of year level and sex, students’ degree of pursuance remains unaffected. One implication of this study is for students to disregard the stereotypes of the accounting profession and focus more on the economic reasons to have a higher level of pursuance to finish the accountancy course. They must understand the scope of the profession to be more dedicated to becoming an accounting professional

Keywords: pursuance to complete the Bachelor of Science in Accountancy (BSA) stereotypes, social conditions, social status, and economic reasons

Analysis of the Influence of Marketing Mix Toward Consumer Purchase intention at Burger Outlets in Manado, Airmadidi, and Bitung

Vera Wahani, Ronny H. Walean — Tue, 22 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The fast-food culinary business is increasingly competing with the emergence of various fast food outlets. The marketing mix can be used to develop an effective marketing strategy for the business matter. The purpose of this study was to analyze consumer perceptions of the marketing mix, consumer perceptions of purchase intention, and the influence of seven elements of the marketing mix toward consumer purchase intention. This research was conducted using a descriptive method through a survey approach. The sampling technique was non-probability. This survey was conducted on respondents related to seven Burger outlets in Manado, Airmadidi, and Bitung. Multiple regression analyzes were used to analyze the data. The result showed that there is an influence of seven elements marketing mix towards purchase intention simultaneously. Partially, products, prices, physical evidence, and process were identified as significant variables influencing consumer purchase intention. And the physical evidence is the most significant variable. With the help of this research, Burger outlet owners can understand the influence of the marketing mix on customer purchase intention. Furthermore, the findings of this study will help Burger outlet owners to focus on improving the marketing mix elements that have a significant effect on customer purchase intention.

Keywords: Marketing mix, purchase intention, burger

A Productivity Management Application of the Solow Development Model by the Asian Largest Economies

Eric J. Nasution, Francis Hutabarat — Tue, 22 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

In application of the Solow development model, other Asian or non-Asian smaller economies may learn from the productivity management model design emulated by the economic development patterns of the largest Asian economies; China, India, Japan, Indonesia, and South Korea. The objective of the study was fundamentally formulated to explore the application of the economic design thinking of the Solow development model on the five Asian largest economies. Using the data envelopment analysis or DEA, the study sought to evaluate the two Solow development models, y/L = f (K/L, L/pop, s/y) or y/Lt = K/Lt (R&Dt)^1-depr without using technology, and y/L = f (K/L, L/pop, s/y, R&D/y) or y/Lt = K/Lt (R&Dt Lt)^1-depr with technology. The DEA observation specifically applied the Malmquist Productivity Index and Linier Programming model to evaluate the y/L objective function in order to answer the study’s four research questions. It was concluded that the Solow development design thinking models, the ones with and without R&D for innovation, didn’t show any difference in utilities of both. Any economies for the productivity management models seemed to be relevantly indifferent.

Keywords: Data Envelopment Analysis or DEA, Malmquist Productivity Index or MPI, change in total factor productivity or Δ TFP index, decision-making unit or DMU, linier programming or LP, human development index or HDI.

A Study of Transfer Pricing, Leverage, Profitability, Sales Growth on Effective Tax Rate

Tue, 22 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to find out whether transfer pricing, leverage, profitability, and sales growth can significantly affect the effective tax rate as a measure of tax avoidance practices. This research uses a descriptive method, revealing real facts based on secondary data collected from the financial statements of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sample criteria in this study are the manufacturing companies that present complete financial statements, do not experience losses during the observation period, and have receivables from related parties. The number of companies that meet the criteria is 65 companies with three years of observation data, and the total sample of this research is 195 research data. The result of this study proposed that transfer pricing has no significant impact on tax avoidance, leverage has a significant effect on tax avoidance, profitability has a significant effect on tax avoidance, and sales growth has a significant effect on tax avoidance. The findings from this study are important inputs, especially for government tax recipients to pay more attention to the companies with a high profitability and sales growth, and when receivables shifts are more concentrated on receivables with related parties when compared to receivables from other parties, such companies tend to do tax efficiency through tax avoidance.

Keywords: manufacturing company, tax avoidance, financial statement

Student Assessment On Private University Business Office Service Quality

Ernest Cornelius Matindas, Anthony Stafford Pangemanan — Tue, 22 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

In universities, there are several supporting departments other than faculties that are often visited by students, one of which is the department that handles student finance. This study aims to understand the quality level of services received by students provided by the support departments related to student finance in private tertiary institutions, namely the Business Office department, and to comprehend what service improvements can be recommended to the institution. Service dimensions used to measure the service quality are based on SERVQUAL, which consists of reliability, assurance, tangibility, empathy, and responsiveness to sort out the services that should be maintained and improved. Researchers used the Importance-Performance Analysis from Martila and James. Samples were obtained from 209 respondents, and a T-test of pair sample was used to test the existence of a gap between expectation and serviced perceived. The test found there is a gap between the average performance with the average expectations with a significant p-value = 0.000. The conclusion is there are differences in the level of service expected by students with the level of services provided by the business office, and the variables that can be improved by the Business Office are work employees’ dexterity, sympathy and sincerity to students, understanding, and employees willingness to help students.

Keywords: Importance-Performance Analysis, Satisfaction, Service department, Service perceived, SERVQUAL

The Structural Model of Customer Loyalty Through Customer Satisfaction: A Case Study of Grab Bike in Manado City

Ronny H. Walean, Reynard Justino Makarawung — Tue, 22 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Grab is a Singaporean online transportation company that is already present in the city of Manado. The main objective of this research is to analyze and determine the effect of service quality and brand trust as exogenous variables on customer loyalty through customer satisfaction as an endogenous variable. Data collection using a questionnaire with the Likert Scale method by taking the number of respondents, as many as 337 people. The type of research used is structural / pathway research with data analysis using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method in the AMOS 21 program. The results of the analysis of this study are that both service quality and brand trust have a significant effect on customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction has a significant effect on customer loyalty. The Sobel test shows that customer satisfaction variables can mediate service quality and brand trust on customer loyalty.

Keywords: Customer loyalty, customer satisfaction, structural equation modeling (SEM), Grab-bike

Factors Influencing Students’ Interest in Starting a Business at Klabat University

Indrajit Taliwongso, Lelasari Sijabat — Tue, 22 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

In the era of high business competitiveness and increasing unemployment from corporations, being an entrepreneur and starting their own business is one of the options for the student’s future. This study was conducted empirically to examine the influence of creativity, innovation, motivation, and knowledge on student interest in starting a business at Klabat University. The independent variables used in this study consisted of internal variables and external variables, where the internal factors are creativity, innovation, motivation, and knowledge as the external variable, whereas the dependent variable is the Students’ Interest in starting a business. This study used primary data gathered directly from the students of Klabat University who are taking entrepreneurship courses in the second term of the 2018/2019 academic year and those who are not to see various responses from students with different backgrounds, situations, and conditions. The statistical analysis method used to test this research is multiple regression analysis of t-test and f-test using SPSS software. The results of this study indicate that internal and external factors influence students’ interest in starting a business significantly.

Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Creativity, innovation, motivation, knowledge, and students’ interest

Effect of Office Layout on Employee Performance at Universitas Klabat

Rouna Paoki — Tue, 22 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Employee performance is a behavior that is shown by employee performance based on their role in the organization. This can be implemented well, which is supported by having a good office layout. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of office layout on employee performance at Universitas Klabat. The study was descriptive and quantitative data research. The results of this study showed that the office layout and employee performance are good, and the data analysis found there is a positive and significant effect between office layout and employee performance. The result of the correlation analysis shows that the value of r=0.736. The value of the coefficient determined (R square) of 0.542, which shows that employee performance is influenced by independent variable by 54.2%.

Keywords: Employee Performance, Office Layout

The Effect of Power Distance and Individualism on the Reliability of Audit Evidence

Lenny Leorina Evinita — Wed, 23 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Audit evidence is basic information used by an auditor to provide an opinion on the audited financial statements, and this can be achieved supported by the accuracy of the data provided. This study aims to determine the effect of power distance and individualism on the reliability of audit evidence in public and private Universities in North Sulawesi. This research is quantitative research with a descriptive correlation design, and the population in this study is finance staff at public and private universities. The results indicated power distance and individualism have a significant relationship with the reliability of audit evidence at public/private universities in North Sulawesi.

Keywords: Audit evidence, Individualism, Power distance

Latent Class Analysis of Professional Competence, Active Faith, Selfless Service, Social Responsibility and Balanced Lifestyle of Senior College Students during COVID-19 Pandemic

Jolly S. Balila, Edwin A. Balila — Wed, 23 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The institutional learning outcomes are designed to guide the university-developed students’ learning outcomes and to help shape their decision-making processes. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, institutional learning outcomes can be affected. This study investigates Latent Class classifications of Professional Competence, Active Faith, Selfless Service, Social Responsibility, and Balanced Lifestyle (PASSB) using validated questionnaires. This survey was conducted to 396 graduating college students in a faith-based university during the academic year 2019-2020. The SPSS version 25 was used to conduct the latent class analysis (LCA). The PASSB was designed primarily to group the respondents into two latent classes. Latent Classes 1 and 2 consist of respondents whose PASSB were not developed and developed respectively during their stay in the university. Professional Competence (PA), Active Faith (AF), Selfless Service (SR), Social Responsibility (SR), and Balanced Lifestyle (BA) have respectively 14, 12, 6, 8, and 14 items. The results show that 17.3% of students whose Professional Competence was not developed and 82.7% were developed during their stay in the university. A considerable proportion of graduating seniors whose Active faith (13.6%), Selfless Service (86.3%), Social Responsibility (84.2%), and Balanced lifestyle (24.5%) were not developed upon exiting the portal of the university. It is recommended to review the institutional outcomes considering the new normal. Further study is recommended since a higher proportion of graduating students have not developed Selfless Service and Social Responsibility upon exiting the portal of the university. The Covid-19 pandemic might have contributed to these results.

Keywords: Latent Class Analysis, Professional Competence, Active Faith, Selfless Service, Social Responsibility and Balanced Lifestyle (PASSB)

Conquering Stress in Times of Pandemic: An Intervention Study to Manage Stress among College Students

Mary Jane Botabara-Yap, Princess Red Rose G. Rodriguez — Wed, 23 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought many challenges throughout the population spectrum. The sudden shift of classes from face-to-face to fully online classes has brought into the spotlight the mental health issue of various groups, including college students. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a stress management program on perceived stress, knowledge, attitude, and preventive practices among college students in the Adventist University of the Philippines. The study utilized a pre-test/post-test quasi-experimental design among 40 participants through random sampling. The intervention program was conducted from March 6 until April 17, 2021, and consisted of motivational talks, lectures, focused group discussions, testimonials, and support groups. Descriptive (mean and percentage) and inferential (paired t-test) statistics were used to analyze the data. Both groups showed moderate stress, very good knowledge, negative attitude, and good preventive practices pre and post-intervention. There is no significant difference in both groups prior to the program; however, it showed a significant difference in the perceived stress scale, which strongly indicates that the stress level of the participants decreased after the stress management program. Moreover, the attitude and practice gain scores of the participants were higher, while the gain score for perceived stress was lower in the experimental group. Further, preventive practices showed a significant difference in the gain score as compared to knowledge and attitude. Results showed that the stress management program was a success and is recommended to be done regularly for college students.

Keywords: academic stress, stress management program, pandemic, perceived stress scale

A Phenomenological Study of Covid-19 Survivors Access to Healthcare

Beryl Ben C. Mergal, Doris A. Mendoza — Wed, 23 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of this phenomenological study was to investigate COVID-19 survivors’ experience in accessing health. The informants were chosen using criterion sampling, which involves a collection of predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The researchers utilized an interview guide to help the informants articulate their lived experiences, challenges, coping strategies, and observed changes in their daily lives. The data collected was then transcribed, analyzed, interpreted, discussed, and broken down into themes that arose throughout the study. The analysis of the data gathered was facilitated with the use of the qualitative software NVIVO. The emerging themes on healthcare accessibility were easy access, lack of nurses, embarrassment, not being allowed to see loved ones, and hospitals’ failure to admit COVID-19 patients. These aforementioned emerging themes can be a part of the pillars of success in improving COVID-19 response and management in the current and future times.

Keywords: covid-19 survivor, covid-19, phenomenological study, healthcare access

Coping Strategies of Nurses Caring for Covid-19 Patients: A Descriptive Phenomenology Study

Nova Lina Langingi, Grace Fresani Kaparang — Wed, 23 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Nurses are front-liners and the core team in caring for COVID-19 patients. Since the disease is highly contagious and life-threatening in some cases, with no specific medications and uncertain efficacy of vaccines, the emotional responses of nurses might be significantly impacted on a certain level. The study intended to explore the coping strategies of nurses caring for COVID-19 patients in a private hospital in Indonesia with Husserl’s phenomenological perspective as philosophical underpinning. A total of five informants were selected by consecutive sampling techniques and ceased when data saturation reached. An in-depth interview was then conducted, and a transcript generated by Colaizzi’s phenomenological data analysis revealed three themes of coping strategies of nurses caring for COVID-19 patients, including spiritual coping (categories: praying and listening to religious songs); seeking help (categories: accepting the schedule and full support from the family); and self-controlling (categories: not to cry and not to be sad). All were positive coping strategies, and thus, there is hope to win in an emotional battle with the fear and anxiety resulting in caring for COVID-19 patients. It is recommended for hospital administrators to develop strategies in enhancing spiritual, help-seeking, and self-controlling coping skills to their workers, while for nursing educators, encouragement could be offered to nursing students to be informed of how their seniors cope with the situation providing care for COVID-19 patients. Further study may focus on the best coping strategies in an experimental approach.

Keywords: caring, coping strategies, COVID-19, nurses

Perception of Taman Harapan Kolongan SDA Church Member towards Spiritual Growth in Covid-19 Pandemic Period

Michael Kelendonu, Budi Harwanto — Wed, 23 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Christians’ spiritual growth ideally increases over time. However, the presence of the Covid-19 pandemic has brought an impact on church life. There have been some limitations to performing church ministry and mission. The church tried to find other methods and strategies to continue fulfilling them. For this reason, this research was conducted to find church members’ perceptions of their spiritual growth during the pandemic period. Applied to convenience sampling, the study involved 33 members of Taman Harapan Kolongan Seventh-day Adventist Church. To draw the proposed result, this study implemented descriptive statistics to find the mean score of the respondent perceptions. Understanding of ministry and mission during the pandemic, worship service engagement, church ministry involvement, and fellowship among the church members were analyzed. Based on the data analysis, the findings showed that church members’ perception of spiritual growth during the Covid-19 pandemic was high. The congregation felt the impact of Covid-19 on their spirituality. The research findings recommend that the church may continue to strengthen church services during the Covid-19 pandemic so that the congregation remains strong in God.

Keywords: Spiritual growth, church members, church ministry, Covid-19

COVID-19 Diaries: A Peek into the Experiences of Students Studying Language and Literature Courses During the Pandemic

Wed, 23 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Schooling during the COVID-19 pandemic has had disparate effects on the academic world. Qualitative studies on the experiences of students studying language and literature during the pandemic are limited. Therefore, this narrative research aimed to explore the experiences of college students in a faith-based institution in the Philippines while studying language and literature during the pandemic. A total of 15 student narratives about language and literature classes in the academic year 2020-2021 were purposively selected. Content analysis was done to analyze the narratives. The results revealed that most of the challenges stemmed from the mental, physical, and social inconveniences experienced by the students when attending their classes. The specific problems were related to the high stress stemming from the academic changes in the learning format and the academic requirements students find difficult to cope with. It is concluded that although these academic challenges are apparent among students studying language and literature, there are ways to address them. Based on the results, it is recommended to do more specific research on the unprecedented mental health concerns of the students during the pandemic, with a more specific plan on student support programs to ease the mental, physical, and social burdens of the students.

Keywords: mental challenges, physical challenges, social challenges, pandemic

The Relationship Between Parents’ Income and the Level of Anxiety Nursing Student of Klabat University During Covid-19 Pandemic

Wulan Intan Melati Weol, Andreas Rantepadang — Wed, 23 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The COVID-19 pandemic has influenced many aspects of life, such as in the health sector, including mental health issues. Students may experience some mental health issues, and anxiety may be one of them, and the causative factor could be a concern about their parents’ financial situation. This research aimed to determine the relationship between parents’ income and the level of anxiety experienced by students during the pandemic. The study is a quantitative type of research using a cross-sectional design, with statistical tests of Spearman’s rho correlation and purposive sampling technique using 182 samples. The instruments used are the Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia (BPS) income classification division and the GAD-7 questionnaire (General Anxiety Disorder-7). The results revealed that during the COVID-19 pandemic, the dominant income of students’ parents was very high (29.7%), and student anxiety was mild (42.9%). There is no significant relationship between parents’ income and the level of anxiety of the students of the Faculty of Nursing, Klabat University, during the COVID-19 pandemic (r = 0.024 and p = 0.751). It is recommended that student coping mechanisms need to be maintained or improved.

Keywords: The pandemic of COVID-19, Parent’s income, Student’s anxiety

The Hesitancy of Seventh-day Adventist Members Toward Covid-19 Vaccine in Indonesia

Palupi Triwahyuni, Davied Yosua Abraham Zebedeus — Wed, 23 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The growing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases have increased rapidly as an infectious disease caused by its newly developed variants. Particularly in Indonesia, positive confirmed cases of COVID-19, as of July 19, 2021, reached 2,877,476, with a death toll of 73,582 people. Indonesia ranked later as the first country with the highest active COVID-19 cases globally and then crowned as the number one country as the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic in Asia and the world. Due to this inevitable urgency, the government seeks various ways to prevent the transmission of the virus to the people. On the one hand, the health protocols go into strict implementation, namely, using masks, washing hands, keeping distance, avoiding crowds, and reducing mobility. On the other hand, the government also organizes a national vaccination program for all levels of society for free. Therefore, this research intently investigates the hesitancy of the Seventh-day Adventist (SDA) members in response to the COVID-19 vaccine in Indonesia. This study uses qualitative methods with the phenomenology approach, while there are fourteen informants on this study, consisting of SDA adult members with knowledge of this issue. Most of the respondents have shown similar answers regarding their doubts about the contents inside the COVID-19 vaccine. The researchers gather specific data utilizing a survey with purposive sampling through an in-depth interview. The research primarily operates Coallizi's method in the interview results.

Keywords: Church members, Covid-19, vaccine, hesitancy, Indonesia

The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic to UNAI

Albinur Limbong — Wed, 23 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Covid-19 pandemic has hit Indonesia or even the world since early 2020 Indonesia, many people have suffered from the disease due to the pandemic, and even some of them have died. Besides killing so many people, the Covid-19 pandemic has been a nightmare for many people living in this world. It has been destroying our economics, or even every aspect of our life, including education. The Indonesian government has applied a lockdown regulation, where people must work from home. No exception, UNAI has to change from offline teaching to become online teaching, although UNAI is a dormitory school. Due to the sudden change in teaching and learning processes, there should be an impact on student achievement, faculty performance, or even UNAI as an institution. It is interesting to ask whether the covid-19 pandemic brings negative effects or are there any positive effects. The purpose of this study is to see whether the Covid-19 pandemic influences student, teachers, or even UNAI’s performance. The performance of students is seen by the GPA (Grade Point Average), while the teacher performance is seen by teacher evaluation and the performance in research and publications. The parameters of UNAI performance involve students' and teachers’ performance, besides other institutional indicators, such as financial, ranking and accreditation, etc. The study was carried out from March 2020 until June 2021. The results of the study show that the covid-19 pandemic brought a positive impact on the academic achievement of UNAI students since there was a significant increase in GPA from 3.21 to 3.27. However, in terms of student evaluation on teacher performance, there was a slight decrease of 4.413 to 4.386; the decrease was not significant. The percentage of teachers published in a recognized journal and book publication increased from around 40% to 50%. Institutionally, UNAI performed even better during the pandemic in terms of the webometrics world ranking, accreditation, and financial indicators (working capital, liquidity, and cash). In conclusion, regardless of its negative sides, the covid-19 pandemic has brought a positive impact on UNAI. Covid-19 pandemic is like a blessing in disguise to UNAI.

Keywords: university, students, covid-19, impact

Mental Well-Being, Challenges, and Coping of College Students Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic

Sheryll Ann M. Castillo — Wed, 23 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The global COVID-19 pandemic has massively impacted all areas of human existence, which has forced several sectors in society to modify their processes and protocols. The education sector had to use the online platform in the delivery of its teaching-learning services – a modality for which teachers and students alike were unprepared for. Since much is still to be improved in the delivery of teaching using the online platform, this study employed a descriptive survey design to identify the challenges college students experience during this pandemic and what they do to cope with these challenges. A total of 338 college students from a university in Cavite, Philippines, responded to a mixed-design online survey composed of the 14-item Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS) to measure students’ mental well-being and open-ended questions that asked in detail challenges that students experience and coping activities that they do to cope with the challenges. The WEMWBS resulted in a sum average mean of M= 45.89 from a possible total mean of 70, which indicated a moderate level of mental well-being. The qualitative responses generated four themes in terms of challenges that depict issues in online learning, family, health, and environment. The challenges in these areas greatly affected students’ mental health, which manifested changes in their cognition, effects, and behavior. In terms of coping, 40% of the respondents used religious beliefs and practices (prayer, trusting God), 23% of the students found support from family and friends to be comforting, 10% indicated that a change in mindset and attitude was effective, while 4% had to resort to learning a new hobby. Fifteen percent of the students used a combination of all these coping activities, while 8% admitted that they do not know how to cope at all. These results imply that schools should not solely focus on the implementation of online teaching, but such delivery must ensure that even students’ emotional and mental health needs are met. Recommendations for the school’s academic and non-academic areas are further discussed in the study.

Keywords: online learning, covid-19 pandemic, students’ mental health

The Prediction of Recovery Rate of Covid 19 Case in Kabupaten Bandung Barat using Neural Network Algorithm

Conrad Michael Kenneth Tarihoran, Lyna M. N. Hutapea — Wed, 23 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The COVID-19 pandemic that happens worldwide has affected not only human health, social activities, the economy, education but also the death rate caused by this pandemic. Although the death rate from COVID-19 worldwide is quite high, the recovery rate is also quite promising; therefore, this study is conducted to predict the recovery rate of COVID-19 cases in Indonesia, which was analyzed using the Decision Tree C4.5 algorithm. The method of this study is data mining, using the Decision Tree C4.5 algorithm that analyzed data, consisting of 6 (six) Attributes and 1 class attribute, namely: Province, which represents the location in which the data was observed, Daily Case that represent the daily new confirmed case in the observed location, Daily Death that represents the daily new number of confirmed dead in observed location, Active Case that represents the daily new number of active case in observed location, Vaccinated that represent the total person who get Vaccinated ( 1st vaccination) and Fully Vaccinated that represent the total person who gets Full Vaccinated (2nd vaccination). The class attributes are using Daily Recovered, which represents the daily new number of confirmed recover in the observed location. The findings of this study indicate that the Decision Tree C4.5 Algorithm used in this study has an accuracy rate of 81.2% to predict the recovery rate of Covid 19 cases in the observed location.

Keywords: Recovery Rate, Covid 19, C4.5 Algorithm

The Relationship of Screen Time with Body Mass Index and Sleep Quality among Freshmen at Nursing Faculty in the Pandemic of COVID-19

Loura Caroline Korengkeng — Wed, 23 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Since announced in March 2020 in Indonesia, COVID-19 has impacted all aspects of society’s lives, including the education system. The online learning system is one of the policies set by the government in response to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Practically, students were required to spend more time in front of the screen in order to take part in-class activities such as viewing material, attending the online class meeting, and doing assignments. The purpose of this study was to figure out the relationship between screen time, Body Mass Index (BMI), and sleep quality of freshmen students at the Nursing Faculty of Klabat University during the COVID-19 pandemic. Analytical descriptive research design with a cross-sectional approach was conducted, where the population is all freshmen students of the Nursing Faculty for the academic year 2020/2021 with a total sample of 94 people taken by simple random sampling technique. The results showed that 96% of respondents spent more than 2 hours in front of the screen every day, 45% of respondents had normal BMI status, and 89% of respondents had poor sleep quality. Pearson Chi-Square statistical test results show that there is no significant relationship between screen time and BMI in freshmen students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Meanwhile, there is a significant relationship between screen time and sleep quality for the students. It is recommended for further researchers to add other variables or factors that can affect sleep quality, such as physical activity and level of academic stress, and to use more comprehensive, precise tools, especially to measure the students’ condition during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Keywords: Body mass index, sleep quality, Covid-19, freshmen

Teaching Competencies of Mathematics Teachers in Basista District

Blue-J R. Frias — Wed, 23 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The main objective of this study was to assess the teaching competencies of mathematics teachers in Basista District, Basista, Pangasinan for the school year 2018-2019. It will seek to answer the following questions: What is the demographic profile of Mathematics teachers with: the highest educational attainment, years in teaching mathematics, and trainings/seminars attended in mathematics? What is the extent of competencies of mathematics teachers assessed by master teacher and school head in: content knowledge and pedagogy, learning environment and diversity of learners, curriculum and planning, assessment and reporting. What is the relationship between the extent of competencies of mathematics assessed by master teacher and principal along with content knowledge and pedagogy, learning environment and diversity of learners, curriculum and planning, assessment and reporting across the demographic profile of mathematics teachers? What are the challenges/problems encountered by the mathematics teachers in teaching the mathematics subject? What development plan can be proposed to enhance the mathematics program? What is the level of validity of the proposed development plan in s mathematics program?
This study used the Descriptive-Correlational Research Design. The respondents of this research were one hundred forty-four (144) Mathematics Teachers in Basista District, Basista, Pangasinan, the School Year 2018-2019. Total Enumeration was used. The following conclusions are formed: the majority of the mathematics teachers already earned masteral units. Almost all of the mathematics teachers have long teaching experience teaching the mathematics subject. The majority of the mathematics teachers have few trainings/seminars attended in mathematics. Mathematics teachers in Basista District, Basista, Pangasinan are competent in terms of content knowledge and pedagogy, learning environment and diversity of learners, curriculum and planning, assessment and reporting as assessed by master teachers and principals. The higher the educational attainment of the mathematics teacher, the better competencies they acquire in teaching the mathematics subject. The longer the teaching experience of teachers teaching the mathematics subject, the mastery level of teaching the mathematics subject increase. The more trainings and seminars acquired by the mathematics teacher, the more they can improve their competencies as a mathematics teacher. Overlapping of school activities resulting in insufficient time in teaching mathematics is considered a problem by the mathematics teacher in Basista District. The study recommends the following: Seminars and trainings like INSET, School and District LAC sessions should be provided by the school leaders for mathematics teachers to enhance further their competencies in mathematics. The School Administrators should find ways how to motivate the teachers to improve their crafts and students to love the subject by conducting one-on-one sessions/discussion with teachers and selected students. The Mathematics teachers should be more innovative to get the maximum learning of the students by knowing the behavior, characteristics, and attitude of the students towards the subject. Efforts on time management and coordination of school activities should be monitored by both teachers and administrators to address the problems of mathematics teachers on the overlapping of activities. The Higher School Officials should constantly review and improve policies pertaining to teaching and learning in Mathematics that are suited to the current needs of the teachers and learners. Future researchers should conduct a similar study but to a larger set of respondents and include the participation of the students.

Keywords: Teaching Competencies of Mathematics Teachers

Attitude of Four General Conference Seventh-day Adventist Run Higher Education Institution’s Administrators about Internationalization of Higher Education Institutions

Ranjith Kingston Gladstone — Wed, 23 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The Seventh-day Adventist Church's General Conference (GC) oversees several institutions and organizations worldwide. There are 118 Adventist tertiary institutions within which there are four listed institutions directly managed by the GC. They are a) The Adventist International Institute of Advanced Studies (AIIAS); b) Andrews University is the oldest Seventh-day Adventist educational institution; c) With its headquarters located in Nairobi, Kenya, Adventist University of Africa features both a graduate school and a seminary; and d) Best known for its medical school, Loma Linda University (LLU) is a Seventh-day Adventist health science university in Loma Linda, California. The administrators of these institutions are directly under the supervision of the GC officers. And they clearly understand that Internationalization is one of the core priorities for achieving international excellence in education. Therefore, these administrators should have the right attitude towards Internationalization. This is a quantitative study where the perspective of the administrators will be measured using a validated instrument with a Likert scale. The setting of the study will be at the four institutions, and the sampling will be a convenient sampling of all the available administrators of these institutions. The questionnaires will be sent through e-mail after the ethical board clearance and the gatekeepers. The results will be analyzed using SPSS. The results will be interpreted to report the level of attitude of these administrators towards Internationalization. Recommendations will be made in relation to the findings for these institutions.

Keywords: Internationalization, GC Institutions, Administrators, International higher education institution, Quantitative Study

A Global Degree Concept: Can It Fit into the Adventist Institutional Model of Higher Education? A Case Study

Ranjith Kingston Gladstone — Wed, 23 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Developing a Global Degree as a new educational structure and mode could address current inadequacies as countries and students confront new challenges. This new norm would help make learning more targeted, flexible, present, and applicable. Further, the Global Degree mission statement—is “one world, one degree, limitless capabilities.” On the other hand, White defines the aim of Adventist education as the harmonious development of all powers. This holistic education approach of Adventist higher education could accommodate the concept of limitless capabilities. This is a qualitative case study. This uses a single case study as a case analysis. The data is collected from Adventist educators from an international higher education institution. They can give a global perspective; hence they are the purposive sampling. After the ethics review board clearance, the data will be collected with permission from the gatekeepers. The data collected will be analyzed using Saldana’s framework. The themes will project the sense of the Adventist approach to the trending concept of global degree proposal. In addition, this study would brighten the vision of Adventist educators to prepare flexible learning platforms as part of an inclusive approach.

Keywords: Global Degree, Qualitative Research, single case study, International higher education institution, Adventist Aim

Academic Performance as a Predictor of Success in Licensure Examinations Among Bachelor in Medical Laboratory Science Graduates

Miriam R. Estrada

Performance in the licensure examination is one of the indicators of the quality of a degree program. Academic performance shows that the graduates have met the standards of the institution. This study investigated the association between academic performance and licensure examination performance of the graduates of Bachelor in Medical Laboratory Science (BMLS). Using descriptive-evaluative and descriptive-correlational research designs and purposive sampling techniques, 335 BMLS graduates from school year (SY) 2016-2017 to 2019-2020 were included in this study, of which 102 were male, and 233 were female. For academic performance, the GPA (Grade Point Average) was used. Using the IBM SPSS Statistics version 23, data were analyzed. The results revealed that the GPA was constant at 3.5, while the board rating was highest on SY 2016-2017 and was lowest on SY 2019-2020. Overall, the lowest mean rating among the six subjects was Subject 2, with the lowest rating in SY 2018-2019 among all of the subjects. Moreover, there was a significant positive moderate relationship between academic performance and licensure performance. Results also showed that all the six subjects in the board examination were significantly correlated individually with academic performance. Using regression analysis, the Academic Performance significantly predicts Licensure Performance. This direct relationship implies that when Academic Performance is increased, board rating also increases. In this study, the GPA predicts board rating by 37.6%; therefore, 62.4% predictors remain unknown. Findings are useful in planning for the enhancement of the program and for preparation for the board licensure exam focusing on the subjects with the lowest ratings. For future research, other variables may be included to determine the other predictors of successful licensure examination performance.

Keywords: License examination, academic performance, medical laboratory

Teacher’s Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment in High Schools Within Maela Refugee Camp, Thailand

Naw Marvel Thawda — Wed, 23 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The sustainable development goals recently published by the UN state that all children should have access to education. However, diverse populations, including teachers at refugee schools, are facing challenges in providing quality education for the students due to the lack of support and motivation. In order to improve teachers' work performance, it is important to consider what teachers need to increase their job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The purpose of this study was to discover teachers’ levels of job satisfaction and organizational commitment in High Schools within the Maela refugee camp, Thailand. This study was designed using a correlational and descriptive survey design. The study sample was 156 respondents selected using a convenience sampling procedure. The questionnaires were given to teachers who were willing to participate in this study. Data were analyzed quantitatively. The result showed that the overall level of teachers’ job satisfaction and organizational commitment was neutral despite the fact that teachers were not really satisfied with the pay they received. The highest qualification attained was the factor that had the most impact on job satisfaction when comparisons were made between teachers’ age, years of experience, and position. A weak significant relationship was found between teachers’ job satisfaction and organizational commitment (n = 156, r =0.35). This research can be used to inform the future policies and procedures aimed at enhancing teachers' job satisfaction.

Keywords: Teacher, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, refuge camp

School Administrators and Teachers’ Knowledge of Educational Laws: A Basis for Program Development and Intervention

Amada C. Yllano, Kseniia Voropaeva, Jeremiah C. Famerong — Wed, 23 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

A knowledge of education law is inevitable in running the school smoothly and has prime importance to all personnel in the institution, particularly to the school administrators and teachers. Understanding the legal implication of one’s duty and function, the school administrators and teachers will learn how to act in situations where due process of law requires. Past research has advocated for more and better school law training for educators and administrators, yet little significance has occurred. Hence, the school administrators' and teachers' knowledge of educational laws has been studied, including the basis for program development. The education law literacy of administrators and teachers of private schools and its association with their age, gender, educational background, teacher certification, length of experience, and exposure to education law were analyzed. A researcher-made survey instrument consisting of a 15-item education law test on students' and teachers' rights was utilized. A mixed-method quantitative-qualitative design was used. Results showed a poor overall literacy level of administrators and teachers on educational law. Moreover, there was a low association between education, law literacy, and law background. The results of this study serve as the basis for program development and intervention on educational law literacy among administrators and teachers.

Keywords: education law literacy, school administrators, educators, student and teacher rights

The Effects of Online Collaborative Writing via Google Docs on Learners’ Writing Performance and Interaction: A Case Study of Asian EFL Learners

Nakhon Kitjaroonchai, Suksan Suppasetseree — Wed, 23 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigated the effects of online collaborative writing and writing contributions in Google Docs of 35 Asian EFL university learners in a composition course. Data were collected from students’ pre-test and post-test writing, two extended online collaborative tasks: writing descriptive and argumentative essays, and student reflections. Students’ writing performances were assessed using Jacob et al.’s (1981) composition analytic scoring rubric. Paired sample t-test analysis showed that academic writing performance significantly increased after participating in two extended online collaborative writing tasks. Learners’ writing performance has improved substantially, as observed in the increase of mean scores for each language domain, including content, organization, vocabulary, language use, and mechanics. The findings revealed that learners developed more extended written texts, and texts were more accurate in the post-test writing. Furthermore, the Pearson correlation coefficient (Pearson’s r) analysis showed that learners’ text contributions, their use of writing change functions, and language functions during the collaborative process were positively correlated with their post-writing performance. This study supports the notion of writing as an exploratory and recursive process but not linear. Implications of the study were also discussed.

Keywords: online collaborative writing, EFL learners, performance, interaction

Online Collaborative Writing and Interaction Patterns: A Case Study of Team Collaborations in the EFL Classroom

Nakhon Kitjaroonchai, Suksan Suppasetseree, Tanthip Kitjaroonchai — Wed, 23 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

This article reported a case study that investigated factors influencing interaction patterns in small group online collaborative writing tasks: description and argumentation. Participants included twelve Asian EFL university students formed into four teams of three members each. They were engaged in two online collaborative writing tasks via Google Docs spanning ten weeks. Data collection included the participants’ use of writing change functions and language functions during the online collaborative writing processes revealed through Google Docs revision history, collaborative essays, observations, student reflections, and semi-structured interviews. The findings revealed that the four teams exhibited divergent interaction patterns, but the patterns of interaction remained consistent within each group across both tasks. The qualitative content analysis revealed that effective team collaborations were driven by factors including mutual engagement in text contribution, scaffolding strategies, individual goals, learners’ English language proficiency, individual roles, and use of collaborative agency. The findings may help elucidate the divergence of online collaborative writing and provide insightful information for instructors to design online collaborative writing activities and assist EFL learners in co-construction of writing tasks.

Keywords: EFL classroom, interaction patterns, case study

The Relationship Between Parents' Economic Status And Students' Learning Motivation

Deisye Supit — Wed, 23 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Learning motivation can be influenced by various factors, and one of the factors that influence is the economic status of parents. The research was carried out at SMP Negeri X in North Minahasa Regency with 111 respondents of grade VII D, E, F, G, and H students and parents of students where their children were registered in the 2016/2017 academic year. This study aims to find out the level of parents' economic status and the level of students' learning motivation and to see if there is a significant relationship between parents' economic status and students' learning motivation. This study has two variables, namely the economic status of parents as the dependent variable and students' learning motivation as the independent variable. The questionnaire used was adapted from (Santang, 2016). The mean score is used to find out the level of parents' economic status and the level of students' learning motivation and to describe the relationship between parents' economic status and students' learning motivation, and the Pearson product moment correlation is used. The results of this study are the level of parents' economic status is at a low level (mean = 2.38), for the level of student learning motivation is at a high level (mean = 3.12), and there is no significant relationship between parents' economic status and students' learning motivation ( p-value =.258 = .005). The conclusion of this study is that the parents of grade seven’s students of SMP Negeri X in the North Minahasa Regency mostly have incomes below the minimum wage set by the government, but this does not affect students' learning motivation because students still have a strong motivation to learn.

Keywords: Economic status, parents, students, learning motivation

Self-Efficacy and Cognitive on Academic Achievement of Klabat University Nursing Student

Griffin Mark Owen Anderson, Elisa Anderson — Wed, 23 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Self-efficacy is belief in one's ability in lectures, while cognitive is reasoning and can change the way students learn. Students with bad ways of studying can have an impact on their academic achievement. This study aims to determine the correlation of self-efficacy and cognitive on academic achievement of nursing students at Klabat University. This research uses a cross-sectional method, involving 334 respondents through consecutive sampling techniques. The results of this study prove that most of the nursing students at the University of Klabat, 151 (45.2%) had self-efficacy in the moderate category, 227 (86%) students got cognitive in the poor category, and 147 (44%) got academic achievement A category. There is a significant correlation between self-efficacy on student academic achievement (p=0.010) and cognitive relationship on student academic achievement (p=0.000). Students need to improve self-efficacy by increasing learning, so they can have more confidence in their own abilities and develop cognitive skills by studying cognitive tests such as problem-solving questions so that academic achievement in lectures can be maintained or increased. It is recommended that further researchers who will conduct research with the title of self-efficacy and cognitive on academic achievement can find out other factors that can affect academic achievements such as living environment, religion or belief, association, teaching techniques from educators, and duration of learning while on campus or at home.

Keywords: nursing students, self-efficacy, cognitive, academic achievement

The Impact of Teaching Effectiveness and Student Motivation in Learning English on English Achievement among University Students

Ate Gueen Simanungkalit — Wed, 23 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Several factors were positively or negatively correlated with student academic achievements, such as teaching effectiveness and student motivation. However, numerous variables of teaching effectiveness and student motivation have yet to be identified in a more specific context, and thus, it is deemed necessary to find out whether or not the teaching effectiveness used and the motivation considered is to be influential in academic achievement. This descriptive and quantitative study was intended to find out English teaching effectiveness, student motivation in learning English, and English achievement among the students at a selected private university, particularly differences between English major students and non-English major students on their perception of teaching effectiveness and motivation in learning English, and the impact of both teaching effectiveness and student motivation in learning English on English achievement. Two questionnaires were used to obtain data: The Teaching Effectiveness developed by Rondonuwu (2006) and Student Motivation in Learning English developed by Clement, Dornyei, and Noels (1994). There were 64 respondents who participated in this study by returning the filled-out questionnaires through emails. The results showed: (a) high level of teaching effectiveness; (b) high level of student motivation in English learning; (c) insignificant difference between English major students and non-English major students perception of teaching effectiveness, motivation in learning English, and English achievement; and (d) significant impact of both students perception of teaching effectiveness and student motivation in learning English on student English achievement.

Keywords: academic achievement, teaching effectiveness, English major, students

Challenges and Preferences for Online Teaching Practice during Pandemic Time: Student and Teacher Perspectives

Mareike Seska Diana Lotulung — Wed, 23 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

This ongoing study surveyed the challenges of teaching practices in middle and high schools in the Eastern part of Indonesia. The intention was to list the difficulties encountered in online teaching practice and how the teachers and students handle these problems. Data were obtained from an interview transcript and storyline collected from more than 100 students and teachers in more than 100 schools. The focus of the interview ranges from the material, media, instruction and activity, test, and task. The participants also evaluate the effectiveness of these activities compared to the face-to-face classroom practice. Content analysis was used to identify the challenges, with several anecdotes and stories used for triangulation of data and to better illustrate the challenges in school. Another objective of the study was to analyze the preferences over particular teaching practices and particular online teaching platforms. A thematic analysis was used to determine the preference of different types of teaching practices and teaching platforms. This platform included the social media communication used for online classroom communication. The preferences also compared to the remoteness of the area and the background education and professional development of the teachers. On-going conclusion and recommendation were given.

Keywords: Online teaching, practices, student perspective, teacher perspective

The Use of Task in Vocabulary Lessons and the Lexical Learning of Low English Proficiency Level Students in Indonesia

Bill Glenny Wullur — Wed, 23 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The experimental study investigates the effectiveness of the use of tasks in vocabulary lessons toward lexical language learning. Lexical learning was determined using a comparison of vocabulary test results pre-test and post-test the task-based instruction. The participants were 72 Indonesian university freshmen of different but generally low proficiency levels who completed 12 tasks over a six-week period. They were paired in all-male, male-female, and female-female dyads. Parametric statistical t-test analysis was used to examine the difference between pretest and post-test results. The findings indicated that lexical learning occurred and was maintained over time. In the case of lexical learning, this study suggests that female students learned and maintained the new words better than their male counterparts and that the differences in proficiency levels prior to the task were maintained after task lessons. The item analysis showed that the majority of the target words were learned, but some were learned better than others. Acquisition of the most highly learned words was also maintained over time. There are implications from the findings of this research toward EFL lessons and program management. Using a task-based lesson was found effective for facilitating lexical learning and, therefore, the use of tasks should be encouraged in EFL lessons more generally.

Keywords: EFL lessons, vocabulary lessons, lexical learning, task-based

Grade Retention and Social Promotion Dichotomy

Jeanette Jacobs, Oktavian Mantiri — Wed, 23 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The dichotomy of retention versus promotion in education is persistent. It is a high stake decision teachers, administrators, and policymakers have to make. This article reviewed the die-hard factors of retention and looked at alternative ways to deal with them. Further, it emphasizes the importance that the approach towards repeating grades cannot be taken frivolously. Teachers, administrators, and policy makers’ decisions will not only have life-long effects for the individuals upon whom they are placed, but they will undoubtedly affect the future societies as a whole. This article suggested that both teachers and administrators have the vital and deciding power to elect which approach to take, that is, contextualizing curricula and professional development training that are sensitive to grade retention issues. Essential questions to ask are, is it possible to individualize the standards as opposed to group standards? Would doing away with grade levels work? Would professional development training create better learning environments that recognize and address individual student needs? Would frequent progress feedback to both parents and the student help? These are vital questions teachers, administrators, and policymakers must address to solve this dichotomy in the school’s locale as well as a regional milieu. We must have the insight to recognize our failures and the courage to accept new ways to deal with old problems.

Keywords: Grade retention, social promotion, at-risk students, progress monitoring, failing students

Art Integration in Teaching: An Approach in Intensifying Performance in Trigonometry

Agnes M. Caibigan — Wed, 23 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Teaching Mathematics in the New Normal requires a lot of effort to get students’ interest to make them learn independently due to limited time of teacher-student interaction. With the current pandemic, this has become more challenging for Math teachers in the online distance learning set-up, especially with students’ short attention span. According to Ochshorn (2016), topics integrated with art have shown higher efficacy. In this regard, this study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of art integration in teaching Trigonometry to selected Grade 9 online distance learning students of Paliparan National High School. Sixty students from the four sections in Grade 9 were randomly selected to participate. A standardized 30-item test was used as the statistical instrument. The researcher applied a pre-test-post-test design. The control group used the existing method, which is the Learning Management System, while the experimental group used Art modules on their asynchronous learning tasks. T-test was used as the statistical treatment for the study. When the pre-test and post-test performance of students taught Mathematics with the use of Art Integration were compared, results assert an improvement. Moreover, when the Mean Gain of students taught in Mathematics without and with the use of art integration was compared, it indicates that the approach used in both groups is equally effective. Thus, Art Integration intensifies student performance in Trigonometry. Research findings concluded with some pedagogical implications for teachers and instructional material writers such as book authors, module creators, and web developers. Further studies are recommended to investigate if the result will be the same in the Modular Distance Learning modality and when conducted to a wider scope of respondents.

Keywords: Art Modules, Art Integration, Learning Management System, Mathematics, Online Distance Learning, Online Learning Modality, Trigonometry

Influence of Transformational Leadership and Psychological Empowerment on Innovative Work Behaviors of Secondary School Teachers

Mercedes M. Ibanez — Wed, 23 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Innovative individuals are indispensable in the field of education, especially school teachers who engage in different teaching and learning processes. With that scenario, few studies focused on teachers and the use of both transformational leadership and psychological empowerment to innovative work behaviors. Thus, this study aimed to identify the influence of Transformational Leadership (TL) and Psychological Empowerment (PE) on the Innovative Work Behaviors (IWB) of teachers. The respondents of this descriptive-correlational research were 60 secondary schools teachers who consented to participate using convenience sampling from four selected schools in the Philippines and one school in Micronesia. Results revealed that among the five dimensions of transformational leadership, charisma and individual attention are perceived as very highly practiced by their school heads, while psychological empowerment of the secondary school teacher was high, and meaning as one of the four dimensions of psychological empowerment was rated very high. The innovative work behavior of the secondary school teachers is high as well as its dimensions. School heads’ transformational leadership and teachers’ psychological empowerment have a direct and significant influence on teachers’ innovative work behaviors. These results will help administrators to lead and manage their respective schools by utilizing different techniques and approaches to create innovation in teachers' work behavior. Other factors may be considered to enhance the innovative work behaviors of the teachers and use qualitative research for future research.

Keywords: innovative work behaviors, psychological empowerment, transformational leadership, secondary school teachers

The Comparison Between Reading Aloud and Repeated Reading Strategy in Enhancing Student Reading Comprehension

Nelson Balisar Panjaitan, Briyanna Ann Michael — Wed, 23 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The purpose of this study is to find out the improvement of students’ reading between those who were taught through Repeated Reading or Reading Aloud. This study used quantitative research methods and comparative design by using pre-test and post-test. This study was designed to find out the answer to the following question: Is there any significant difference in the students’ reading comprehension between those who were taught through Repeated Reading and those who were taught through Reading Aloud? The samples of this study are two classes in grade VIII of SMPN 1 Parongpong, Bandung. They were divided into two classes: grade VIII G experienced Repeated Reading, and grade VIII I experienced Reading Aloud. The instrument used for this study is a narrative text, which contains 33 questions. The result of this study shows that the students who acquired Repeated Reading or Reading Aloud method were improved for their reading comprehension, vocabulary enhancing as “moderate,” but there is no significant difference between those two groups of students ‘reading improvement.

Keywords: RR (Repeated Reading) and RA (Reading Aloud)

Students Self-Regulated Learning and English Achievement

Rini Novrita Pungus, Nofry Frans — Wed, 23 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of student self-regulated learning and the level of student English achievement. In addition to that, this study also wanted to find out whether there was the effect of student self-regulated learning on English achievement and which of those self-regulated learning strategies predicted English achievement. This research utilized a quantitative research design, and a questionnaire from Magno was adapted for this study. This study involved four hundred students of Science and Social classes at Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri Satu Langowan as population, and there were one hundred sixty-nine students as the sample. The results showed that the students' level of self-regulated learning was categorized as highly self-regulated. Second, their level of English achievement was classified as high. Third, the results showed that self-regulated learning significantly affected English achievement. Finally, the best predictor of English achievement could be computed because heteroscedasticity was present. Consequently, multiple regression cannot be performed. Self-regulated learning is an essential part of the learning process. It is related to motivation, learning, and achievement that students have to apply in their learning environment daily to reach the effectiveness and efficiency of learning output.

Keywords: English Achievement, Student Self-Regulated Learning

Correlates of Internationalization of Higher Education Institutions in the Philippines

Miriam P. Narbarte, Judith Mary Ann Chan — Wed, 23 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Internationalization is currently the priority of higher education institutions (HEIs) in the Philippines and in many countries worldwide. Internationalization contributes to the development of the academic programs of HEIs. This research aimed to determine the factors that influence the internationalization of HEIs in the Philippines. The articulated institutional commitment, administrative structure and staffing, curriculum and learning outcomes, faculty policies and practices, student mobility, and collaboration partnerships were the predictor variables and internationalization as a criterion variable. An online survey questionnaire was used to gather the information that addressed the objectives of the study and was distributed to the HEIs in the Philippines. Three hundred forty-three faculty from 97 HEIs answered the questionnaires. The respondents were from autonomous (25.4%), deregulated (11.7%), and regulated (63%) HEIs. The articulated institutional commitment, administrative structure and staffing, curriculum and learning outcomes, faculty policies and practices, student mobility, and collaboration partnerships were highly evident and were found to be significantly correlated to the implementation of internationalization of HEIs in the Philippines. The results further revealed a moderate implementation of internationalization among HEIs in the Philippines. The regression analysis revealed that faculty policies and practices were the sole predictors of internationalization, with 18% variance accounted for. Having standard policies and guidelines, creating an internationalization awareness program, and administrative support are some recommendations based on the results to strengthen the internationalization programs of HEIs in the Philippines.

Keywords: internationalization, higher education institutions (HEIs), faculty policies and
practices

Students English Language Learning Strategies

Meily Ivane Esther Neman — Wed, 23 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

This quantitative descriptive study aims at finding out the strategies in learning English used by students in Universitas Klabat. It is also to describe the differences between male and female students in using strategies in learning English and the type of strategies that are mostly used by the students. The respondents were the students from Business English classes enrolled in semester II 2020/2021 with a total of 91 students. The instrument used in this study is the SILL questionnaire which consists of 50 items and six categories, which are cognitive, metacognitive, affective, memory, and social strategies. The result shows that the students from Business English classes mostly use Cognitive Strategies, Compensatory Strategies, and Metacognitive Strategies in learning English. Based on gender, Female students used mostly metacognitive strategies, while male students mostly used cognitive strategies. For overall strategies, item 15 from cognitive strategies (I watch English language TV shows spoken in English or go to movies spoken in English) is highly used by all students with a mean score of 4.43. Item 43 from affective strategies (I write down my feelings in a language learning diary) is used with the lowest frequency level with a mean of 2.19. From the six categories of strategies, the students mostly used cognitive strategies.

Keywords: Strategies in Learning English, SILL, Language Learning

Vocabulary Learning Through Pictures and Multimedia Technology

Marlin Steffi Marpaung, Nelly Sinaga — Wed, 23 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Vocabulary is the fundamental aspect of language learning. Students must recall words to learn English well. The aim of this study is to find out that vocabulary learning through pictures and multimedia in group learning is better than individual learning and to find out the students' responses towards the use of multimedia in learning vocabulary. To understand the vocabulary enhancement of the students, this study used a quantitative analysis approach with a comparative design. The instrument used in this study is the vocabulary pre-test and post-test. The sample was VIII grade students from two classes from one of the public schools in Cimahi, Bandung. The result of this study has shown that both groups of students have improved their vocabulary, and students who are taught through multimedia learning in groups are better than students who learn individually, with 59.59 and 59.00 for the pre-test and 83.47 and 73.63 for the post-test. The students' response has shown that most students have responded positively to the use of pictures and multimedia in vocabulary learning.

Keywords: group learning, individual learning, vocabulary, technology, CALL

Vocabulary Enhancement Through Role Play Technique

Caroline V. Katemba — Wed, 23 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Vocabulary is a core in language learning. Young learners need to master their vocabulary in order to understand the foreign language. Therefore the purpose of this study was to identify the effectiveness of the Role-Play technique in improving students’ Vocabulary enhancement. Specifically, it intended to answer: Is there any significant difference between the students who were taught through Role Play and those who were not taught through Role Play. This study was quantitative research, and the design was experimental. 68 grade VIII students of SMPN 3 Cisarua participated in this study. They were divided into two groups, VIII B as the control group and VIII A as the experimental group. These two groups took the same pre-test. The experimental group used Role-Play technique, and the control group used the conventional method. At the end of the treatment, both groups took the same post-test. Based on the analysis, there was a significant difference in students’ vocabulary enhancement between those who were taught through the Role Play technique and those who were taught through the conventional method. From this research, the researcher concludes that the use of Role Play can enhance a student's vocabulary.

Keywords: Role-Play, Vocabulary improvement, Vocabulary Acquisition

How Watching Movies from Netflix Help Students’ in Improving Language Skills

Cambelyena Julie Robert, Marlin Steffi Marpaung — Wed, 23 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Netflix is a streaming application that is very popular with the younger generation. Netflix provides users access to local and international movies and films with a very diverse selection. The objective of this study is to find out how Netflix affects the improvement of students’ English language skills. This is a qualitative descriptive study, and the data collected were analyzed using thematic analysis by incorporating an interpretive description approach. The semi-structured interviews were utilized with open-ended questions and some followed-up questions to simplify and to make it easy for the respondents to answer the questions. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed. The respondents of this study were 15 students of Universitas Advent Indonesia and were selected from different faculties, and purposive sampling was used in selecting the respondents of this study with 11 female respondents and four male respondents. The results of this study indicated that the use of the Netflix application to watch foreign films has been able to improve students’ English language skills.

Keywords: Netflix, Movies, Streaming, Language skills, Interpretive

Applying Discovery Learning Model with Google Classroom to Enhance Mathematics Creative Thinking

Nora Susilowaty, Yetri Simatupang — Wed, 23 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

To improve mathematical creative thinking ability students, a teacher must be creative in creating learning in the classroom. Learning models and facilities are needed to support them. This research used a comparative design to find out whether the enhancement in mathematical creative thinking abilities of students who get a discovery learning model with google classroom is better than students who get only a discovery learning model. This research was conducted on grade VIII students of SMP N 1 Parongpong, West Bandung. The instruments used in this research were test and non-test instruments. The test instrument was a test of mathematical creative thinking ability presented as pre-test and post-test, while the non-test instrument consisted of student responses about learning models, observation sheets. The data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test and Mann-Whitney test. The results showed that the enhancement of students’ mathematical creative thinking abilities that had a discovery learning model with Google classroom better than students that used discovery learning models only. Student responses to the discovery learning model with Google Classroom and the discovery learning model only are included in the like category.

Keywords: Mathematical Creative Thinking Ability, Discovery Learning, Google Classroom

The Role of Innovative Web Tools for ESL Online Teaching amidst the Pandemic: A Disruptive Path for Continuity

Carol Linda Kingston — Wed, 23 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Effective pedagogical online teaching practices can provide students the support in learning the language amidst the pandemic. Currently, bridging the gap between online teaching practices and learning continuity has been a compelling and strenuous task. How do the language teachers go about closing the gap? The call for integrating the online pedagogical instructional practices of the language to second language learners is of great magnitude. Implementing a challenging curriculum, designing standard academic content with the accessibility of materials for learning, offering relevant instruction with specific learning strategies for ESL learners is an educational crisis (UNESCO Learning Portal, 2020). When disasters and crises (man-made and natural) occur, institutions need to be resilient and find new ways to continue the teaching-learning tasks (Chang-Richards et al., 2013). Teaching is the key area; however, the pulse of curricula is felt, the methods of teaching, motivation, and participation of the learners as well. Self- Determination Theory (Ryan & Deci, 2000) contributes to learning the language. Teaching the breadth and depth of vocabulary, building reading comprehension and writing skills with certain strategies, and providing language use models and integration of all the skills can aid in the teaching and learning of the targeted language (Cobb, 2004 & Cohen, 2010; Freeman& Freeman, 2009; Sherris, 2008) This theoretical paper explores the advantages and disadvantages of pedagogical online teaching practices of teachers. Besides, it explores the flexible online modality that recalibrates the curriculum and implements a strategic plan for adoption and adaptation.

Keywords: Pedagogical Practices, Second Language Learners, Learning Strategies, Empowering Learners, Action Plan

English Language Learning and Teaching Through Service Learning: A Phenomenological Study

Anne Lou M. Hendriks — Wed, 23 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Service-learning is deemed not only to develop students’ attributes and personal development but also to advance students’ learning through its positive influence. However, though their relationships are substantiated in much research, little is known about the contributions service-learning gives towards teaching English to young learners. The findings of this phenomenological study, with tertiary student-teachers as participants, revealed that service-learning could be a vital learning and teaching catalyst. It highlights pedagogical insights of an effective instructional strategy that enhances personal, emotional, and professional growth.

Keywords: Service-learning, English language learning and teaching, young learners, instructional strategies, Indonesia

Teachers’ Strategies in Integrating Faith and Learning at Faith-based Institutions of Higher Education in Asia

Naltan Lampadan, Erwin Karau, Ritha Maidom — Wed, 23 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Even though the concept of integrating faith and learning in the classroom is not only well-known but highly encouraged in Adventist educational institutions, observation shows that there are teachers who struggle to implement this effectively in their classrooms. One possible reason for the difficulty is the lack of knowledge regarding the various strategies that can be used in this area. As such, this study was conducted to discover practical strategies that teachers used in integrating faith and learning. The findings of this study can be useful to those who may want to know what real-life strategies other teachers used in integrating faith and learning. Purposive sampling was used in this study to ensure that participants would inform the research question. The participants of this study were 13 teachers who taught at four faith-based institutions in Thailand, Myanmar, and Taiwan. The participants’ average length of teaching experience is 11 years. The interview was the main method for generating the data, which were coded. The codes were analyzed through thematic analysis. This study found that participants employed various strategies in integrating faith and learning. The most common ones were illustrative, experiential, and contextual. Conceptual strategies were the least used.

Keywords: Faith, Integration, Learning, Faith-based institution of higher education, Teachers

The State of Intermediate Science Education Program of Non-Central School in Bayambang District

Ela B. Macaraeg — Wed, 23 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The main objective of this study sought to answer the following questions: What is the demographic profile of teachers of non-central school in Bayambang District I according to their: highest educational attainment; years in teaching science; trainings/seminars attended in mathematics. What is the extent of availability of the physical facility, equipment tools, teaching materials, books, and library used by the teachers of non-central school in Bayambang District I. What is the level of performance of intermediate pupils in science SY 2018-2019? Is there a significant relationship between the level of performance of the intermediate pupils in science and the demographic profile of teachers? Is there a significant relationship between the level of performance of the intermediate pupils in science across the available physical facility, equipment tools, teaching materials, and books used by the teachers? What development plan can be proposed to enhance the science program? What is the acceptability level of the proposed development plan to enhance the science program? A descriptive-correlational research design was used in this study. The respondents of this study were composed of 126 non-central intermediate science teachers of 21 schools in Bayambang District I, Pangasinan, the School Year 2018-2019. The questionnaire checklist was used as the main data gathering instrument in this study. The results, the majority of the teachers of non-central school in Bayambang District I have Masteral units. Majority of the teachers of non-central school in Bayambang District I have moderately short teaching experience in science. There is moderately available physical facilities and slightly available books and library in non-central school in Bayambang District I. Majority of the intermediate pupils in non-central school in Bayambang District I have only satisfactory performance in Science. The length of service of the teachers in non-central school in Bayambang District I affects the level of performance of the intermediate pupils in Science. Availability of equipment tools and teaching materials affects the level of performance of intermediate pupils. Strength. The master's degree units earned by most of the teachers of non-central school in Bayambang District I and the satisfactory performance of intermediate pupils are considered a core strength. Weaknesses. A few availability of physical facilities, science laboratories, a microscope library, and the moderately short experience of teachers teaching science. Opportunities. Teachers’ professional development. Threat. The availability of a few physical facilities, science laboratories, microscope libraries, and the moderately short experience of teachers teaching science pose a threat. The moderately short experience of teachers teaching science also poses a threat.
The study recommends the following: School leaders should provide seminars and trainings for science teachers through INSET, School and District LAC sessions. Administrators should also provide technical assistance to teachers in order to facilitate collaborative teaching and learning process. DepEd should continuously provide equipment tools and teaching materials in every school, as well as school principals should also include purchasing equipment tools in science through MOOE to aid the present availability of aforementioned needed by the science teachers and intermediate pupils. The teachers should keep themselves updated and open with new teachings science by absorbing new information from seminars and training, by keeping the students focused on learning by improvising materials and tools in teaching. On the other hand, the pupils should be given more time and experience with the use of equipment tools and teaching materials, and books and information from credible websites should also be provided to them. The Higher School Officials should continue revising and upgrading the existing educational policies appropriate to the needs of the learners and the teachers as well. With this, future researchers should conduct a similar study but to a larger set of respondents and other subjects as well.

Keywords: State of Intermediate Science Education Program

Responses of Daphnia (Daphnia magna) to Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Cilantro (Coriandrum sativum)

Wed, 23 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Nanotechnology is a revolutionary technology with immense applications in medicine, the manufacturing industry, electronics, energy, and the environment. The ubiquitousness and increased use of nanoparticles pose a health hazard, toxicity, and environmental concern. This study analyzed the responses of Daphnia to titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles and Cilantro. ANOVA results showed a very significant decrease in the heart rate of Daphnia after exposure (120 min) to various concentrations of TiO2 and Cilantro. Duncan's Multiple Range Test revealed a significant increase and decrease in the heart rate of Daphnia in different concentrations of TiO2 and Cilantro after the initial and final time of exposure, respectively. Mortality of Daphnia in different concentrations was not statistically different with the control and the treated setups (1 ppm, 3 ppm, and 5 ppm). This study is vital in understanding the responses of a test organism (Daphnia) to TiO2 nanoparticles.

Keywords: nanoparticles, titanium dioxide, metals, Daphnia magna, Coriandrum sativum

The Effect of Zeatin on In vitro Propagation of Chrysanthemum Shoots (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat)

Rut Normasari, Wenny Tilaar, Firginia Yulita Rilya Timban — Wed, 23 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Chrysanthemum is a plant that has a high aesthetic value in its flowers. Chrysanthemum production fluctuates from year to year. One of the factors that influence this is the availability of chrysanthemum seeds. For this reason, it is necessary to propagate chrysanthemum seeds through mass propagation. Zeatin, which is a cytokinin, has the function of promoting the growth of lateral shoots. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of zeatin on the propagation of chrysanthemum shoots. The explants used in this study were explants of chrysanthemum shoots in vitro. Explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media with the addition of zeatin (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 ppm) for six weeks. The application of zeatin affected the number of shoots and leaves but did not affect plant height and wet weight. The number of shoots decreased with increasing zeatin concentration. The number of leaves per plant and wet weight increased at 0.5 ppm zeatin concentration and gradually decreased. Plant height increased with increasing zeatin concentration except at one ppm zeatin concentration which decreased. The highest chrysanthemum shoot propagation was produced on MS medium added with 0.5 ppm zeatin.

Keywords: Zeatin, in vitro, mass propagation, chrysanthemum

Stress Management, Spiritual Growth, and Workplace Well-Being Among the Employees of a Selected University in the Philippines

Sheryll Ann M. Castillo, Sabina L. Parinas, Reuel E. Narbarte — Wed, 23 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The well-being of employees is a key factor in determining an organization's long-term effectiveness as a direct link between productivity levels and the general health and well-being of the workforce have been shown in several studies. Employees’ well-being can play a critical role in the life of organizations; hence, it is important to periodically assess employees’ well-being. This study aimed to determine the level of the employees’ workplace well-being and to assess whether stress management and spiritual growth relate to the well-being of the employees. Using descriptive correlational design and random sampling techniques, 164 university employees participated in an online survey via the Google form. Anchored on the five components of well-being, namely positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment (PERMA), a 23-item Workplace Well-being Scale, using a 10-point Likert response scale with eight dimensions, has been adopted in this study. Findings show that employees have very good stress management skills (M = 4.09± 0.62), a high level of spiritual growth (M = 4.14± 0.58), and a high level of workplace well-being (M = 7.78± 0.93). Further, regression analysis show that stress management (β = .393, t = 5.466, p <.001) and spiritual growth (β = .286, t = 3.984, p < .001) are statistically significant positive predictors of workplace wellbeing accounting for 33.8% (r2 change = .338, p = <.001) of the variance in the workplace wellbeing. Results are useful to further enhance workplace well-being such that the university may devise systems that foster good relationships and engagement, as well as programs for stress reduction techniques that are behavioral in nature. It would be relevant for the next study to explore the workplace experiences, challenges, and coping strategies to understand better workplace wellbeing.

Keywords: workplace, well-being, coping strategies, stress management

Foreign University Students’ Acculturation in the Philippines: A Phenomenological Study

Wed, 23 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Many foreign students go to the Philippines to study. However, studies on foreign students’ adjustment and acculturation were mostly done in non-faith-based institutions before the pandemic. Therefore, this qualitative study aimed to explore the acculturation of foreign students in a faith-based institution in Cavite, Philippines, during the pandemic. Through purposive and snowball sampling techniques, 12 participants were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide, and the data were analyzed using Colaizzi's method. The results showed that there were similarities and differences in the food and manner of eating and the various practices in the Philippines and their home countries. During the pandemic, the participants were challenged by the online classes, access to basic necessities, and feelings of isolation. They coped with these acculturation challenges through the University’s spiritual programs, personal devotions and initiatives, personnel’s care for students, and care groups. This study found that awareness of the similarities and differences of practices gave students an idea of where to start off in acculturating. Since personnel’s care for students and care groups helped in foreign students’ successful acculturation during the pandemic, it is recommended that universities include in their plan spiritual and social programs and care groups for foreign students.

Keywords: acculturation, home country, pandemic, practices, culture

Effects of Online Health Information Seeking Behavior on Academic Determination as Mediated by Mental Toughness Confidence Clustered by Academic Year Level: A Multilevel Analysis

Edwin A. Balila, Rhalf Jayson F. Guanco, Sheryll Ann M. Castillo — Wed, 23 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Multilevel analysis has become one of the most extensively used means to investigate ways by which variables are affecting each other. Multilevel analysis is useful for data that are hierarchical in nature. Thus, this study employs multilevel mediation methods since data is fully nested. This also utilizes 813 college students participating from selected educational institutions in the Philippines during the academic year 2020-2021, with ages 18 years old and above and with academic level from the first year to the fifth year. It focuses on mental toughness as a mediator and investigates why academic determination would be affected by online health information-seeking behavior at the individual level and at different academic year levels using multilevel mediation analysis. The results of the study showed that the within-effects of both direct and indirect effects of the structural model are significant at the α = .01 level. This means that on the individual level (or level 1), mental toughness confidence is partially mediating the effects of online health-seeking behavior on the academic determination. However, when between-effects are considered, both direct and indirect effects were found to be not significant. This implies that when respondents are clustered by academic year level (level 2), both direct and indirect effects are not significant. Hence even across academic year levels, mental toughness confidence is partially mediating the influence of online health-seeking behavior on the academic determination.

Keywords: mediation, multilevel analysis, health information-seeking behavior, mental toughness, confidence, academic determination

Maxim Online Transportation Drivers with Pieces Framework Job Satisfaction Analysis (Case Study: Bandung City)

Rianti Ruth Florenza Tambunan, Jay Idoan Sihotang — Wed, 23 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The role of online transportation in this era is growing rapidly because it really helps facilitate everyday human work both in the social, economic, and political fields. Many companies providing online transportation services are present in Indonesia, making competition more competitive. Each company continues to improve and develop systems to satisfy and maintain customer loyalty. The level of satisfaction from the driver's perspective on Maxim online transportation is studied in this research, which includes a population and sample collection of Maxim drivers in Bandung City. Driver satisfaction can affect service performance. This study aims to analyze driver job satisfaction on the use of the Maxim application system and know the weaknesses and strengths of the Maxim application system from the drivers. To achieve this goal, the researchers used the PIECES Framework method. The PIECES framework is an analytical method in measuring the level of satisfaction with its ability to analyze the subject matter specifically for a system. Previously the data would be collected by distributing questionnaires by applying a Likert scale. Then the data would be processed using the PIECES framework on each of the variables consisting of performance, information, economics, control, efficiency, and service. As a result of this research, the faults in the application system can be recognized using the PIECES framework's six criteria, and solutions to these problems can be provided. It will also be known which variables obtained a low satisfaction score as a consideration for the company in developing the quality system. Similarly, for factors that have reached the satisfied category, the company continues to maintain and even improve so that the driver's performance improves and may be used to predict future difficulties.

Keywords: PIECES Framework, Driver satisfaction, Maxim

Evaluating E-Learning Systems Using COBIT 5 Framework on APO and DSS Domains (A Case Study: SMPN 2 Medang Deras)

Dedi Seventino Lumbantobing, Jay Idoan Sihotang — Wed, 23 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

SMPN 2 MEDANG DERAS is a public junior high school located on Access Road Kuala Tanjung Street, Batubara District, North Sumatra - 123456. SMPN 2 MEDANG DERAS implements the national curriculum (K13) with 17 classes, 33 subjects, 28 teachers, and 7 staff. SMPN 2 MEDANG DERAS has consistently been accredited Grade A. This study utilizes the COBIT 5 framework as a measure of efficiency in the Evaluation of E-Learning Services at SMPN 2 MEDANG DERAS. COBIT 5 is the latest innovation in techniques for managing and optimizing E-Learning performance in schools. And use globally accepted principles, practices, analysis, and models to help increase the trust and value of the service itself. Researchers implemented COBIT 5 in techniques for managing and optimizing E-Learning performance. Collecting data by conducting a questionnaire technique using two domains of COBIT 5, such as APO (Align, Plan, Organise) and DSS (Deliver, Service, Support). The purpose of this research is to measure strategy management and problem management, which can help improve identify the value of the capabilities of the services used to achieve the school’s vision and mission.

Keywords: E-learning, COBIT 5, Align, Plan, Organise, Deliver, Service, Support

Analysis of Satisfaction Level of Teaching Activities of Junior High School Teachers in Bandung on The Use of Zoom Meeting Application with PIECES Method and Customer Satisfaction Index Calculation Techniques

Wellyne Victoria I, Jay Idoan Sihotang — Wed, 23 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Coronavirus originating from Wuhan, Hubei Province – China, has spread rapidly throughout the world. Who (World Health Organization) named this disease, precisely in March 2020, as COVID-19. The health crisis created by the Covid-19 pandemic has had an impact on the education sector. The Government of Indonesia made the policy as an act of termination of the rapid spread of the virus. All face-to-face learning activities are stopped and replaced with online learning. With the change in learning habits, meeting applications appear that can help us in conducting online activities, especially online learning activities. Adventist College School in Bandung conducts online learning activities with the help of the Zoom Meeting application. The purpose of this study is to find out how much satisfaction levels of teachers of Adventist College Schools in Bandung in using the Zoom Meeting application as an online learning medium during the Covid-19 pandemic. In this study, Zoom Meeting application service quality measurement using PIECES Framework method with questionnaire data containing performance indicators, information indicators, economies indicators, control indicators, efficiency indicators, and service indicators. And the technique used in calculating the results of satisfaction levels is the Customer Satisfaction Index. Data collection techniques by distributing the questionnaires using google form. And from this study, the data of the research can provide an overview of the user satisfaction of the Zoom Meeting application and indirectly provide knowledge about how well the Zoom Meeting application can help us in communicating and conducting various activities with many people who are far away from us during this pandemic that does not allow us to come face to face with many people. In this case, Adventist Schools in Bandung.

Keywords: user satisfaction, PIECES Framework, Zoom Meeting application, online learning,
Customer Satisfaction Index

The Design of Smart Club Mobile Applications to Assist Activity Tracking and Decision Making Using Decision Tree with Forward Chaining Method

Jay Idoan Sihotang — Wed, 23 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The rapid development of technology helps many organizations in carrying out organizational development. One form of organizational development is using information systems as a platform to track organizational activities and make organizational decisions. In this research, the author uses a case study of the Honda Vario Riders Club Bandung (HVRC Bandung) motorcycle club. Some activities carried out in the organization require tracking of activity participants, the actual location of the participants, and also the actualization of the calculation of the number of activities and the distance of the location. Analysis of member activities assisted by a decision tree with a forward chaining method will be a basis in determining the achievement or levels of members in the organization. The design of this application uses the Rapid Application Development System method. And in this study will discuss a technical system approach designed for an existing system, exposure of the intents involved in decision making, attributes, logic, and rules used in decision making, elaboration of technical specification requirements for application design, depiction of angular relationships of user's viewpoint of the system, further explanation of the intended relationship in the system in sequences, as well as the UI/UX design that will be used in application development.

Keywords: Mobile Application, Activity Tracking, Decision Support System, Forward Chaining

Contra Fatalism and Apatheticsm in Doing Theology: Embracing COVID-19 Pandemic with Theodicy- Preventive Approach

Christar Arstilo Rumbay — Wed, 23 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Doing contextual theology has been shared with a massive conversation, discussion, and fluctuation. The world civilization requires instant transformation, which encourages the church to reformulate and reconstruct its theology to be hospitable and engaging with current issues. Pandemic covid-19 contributes alterations to the church. It leads Christians to rethink how to express and reflect their theological identity in the new normal era. It challenges religion to display its values that could benefit the world. Christian theology, however, offers alternative expressions that possibly donate constructive notions to the tension. An inappropriate approach dangers Christian theology purity; further, it leads to hermeneutics malpractice, fatalism, and apatheticsm. In response, it is essential to express the core and heart of theology adequately. This research attempts to analyze and reconstruct how Christians reflect their theological identity toward pandemic covid-19. The qualitative approach leads this project with supporting literature such as books, articles, and other related references. Eventually, the theodicy-preventive approach offers alternative notions to express Christian dogmatic and theology identity.

Keywords: theodicy-preventive approach, contra fatalism, Covid-19, theology

Effective Ministry Structure and Its Impact to Strategic Evangelism

Budi Harwanto — Wed, 23 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Evangelism is a basic task of the church. It is a church function to reach out to the unreached people and equip them to be disciples of Christ. Strategic evangelism (SE) is needed to fulfill this mission. One factor that contributes to evangelism strategically is the effective ministry structure (EMS) of the church. This study examined the effective ministry structure and found a significant relationship as well as predicting strategic evangelism. The literature on both SE and EMS has argued that the ministry structure of the church drives the level of evangelism work strategically. A survey of 431 local mission and conference officers, department directors, and pastors in the East Indonesia Union Conference (EIUC) of Seventh-Day Adventist Church (SDA) was conducted. The study determined the perception of respondents on the extent of SE and EMS. The predictive variable was also considered to determine the contribution of EMS to SE. Implementing descriptive statistics, the finding shows that EMS and SE are very highly practiced. Next, using Pearson’s correlation, the result shows a positive and strong significant correlation between EMS and SE. Lastly, applying simple regression analysis, the result shows that EMS helps predict the SE. The church should be encouraged by this study to implement ministry structure effectively because it will help to increase the performance of SE.

Keywords: evangelism, ministry, strategic evangelism, effective ministry structure

Spiritual Accountability Practices in Discipleship among the Indonesian Seventh-day Adventist Members in Manila, the Philippines

Mangadar Simbolon, Davied Yosua Abraham Zebedeus — Wed, 23 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Being the disciples of God creates a need for agreeing to hold each other accountable in a manner pleasing to the Lord. Accountability would be a recommended experience when friends hold each other accountable for such spiritual progress. However, the practices might be unknown to the pastor or the Seventh-day Adventist church members if there is no clear intention. Most of the time, they would not remember spiritual accountability. Accountability can be a means for Christian discipleship to get closer to Jesus through the fellowship of others. This research study aims to delve into the practices of spiritual accountability among church members. Spiritual accountability will be generally defined as strengthening one another in their vulnerability to progress spiritual growth. The level of spiritual maturity of this young church with young people as the members is unable, yet in progress, to actively practice spiritual accountability in such intensive or proper ways. The socio-cultural barriers, alongside the spiritual hesitance, somehow hinder the daily accountability practices among church members. Nevertheless, the teaching of accountability with spiritual emphasis and the suggested programs will enhance its understanding and practice among the church members. This research study utilizes the qualitative research method through in-depth and focused group interviews and literature reviews as data sources. The participants are particularly from an Indonesian Seventh-day Adventist (SDA) Fellowship in Pasay City, Manila.

Keywords: Discipleship, spiritual accountability, Seventh-day Adventist, church

The Role of Faith in Overcoming Challenges During Crisis: A Narrative Inquiry

Alvyn Cesarianto Hendriks, Anne Lou M. Hendriks — Wed, 23 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Though crises arise, supporting students are still determined to attend a tertiary institution to continue and finish their education. Without financial assistance, these supporting students rely on a kind of faith that enables them to sustain and attain success despite the challenges and struggles they face. This narrative inquiry documents students’ lived experiences. It highlights how they face life with positivity and enthusiasm. Findings revealed that their kind of faith made them overcome the different challenges they have. These implied that no matter how difficult life is, faith is more than enough to assist. How to have faith and where to anchor one’s faith can be implications for further study.

Keywords: Faith, challenges, crisis, narrative inquiry

Analysis of Determining Factors of Student Satisfaction at Klabat University

Ronny H. Walean, Sandra Kainde, Waya Shandy Lapian, Flora Manarisip — Wed, 23 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence student satisfaction at Klabat University, Airmadidi North Minahasa, North Sulawesi. This study uses the Explanatory Factor Analysis method. The participants in this study were active students of Klabat University in the even semester of the 2019/2020 academic year. There are 51 variables obtained through in-depth interviews with 16 respondents and followed by a survey of 394 students. Exploratory factor analysis using the principal factor extraction method revealed that there are 10 factors that influence student satisfaction. These factors are Vespers spiritual activities, students can graduate early, lecturers provide time for consultation, campus day activities, a clean environment, a sense of helping fellow students, regional cultural performances, vegetables, and fruit in the cafeteria, student organizations, and smoke-free campus. The highest variance that affects student satisfaction at the University of Klabat is vespers' spiritual activities, while the lowest variance is a smoke-free campus.

Keywords: Student Satisfaction, Klabat University, Klabat University Student Satisfaction